Citation:

rspb.2009.2069

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and coverage and dry weight of Ecklonia radiata during experiments, 2010
Published: 2010
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Entire community; Indian Ocean; Laboratory experiment; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rocky-shore community; Temperate; Temperature

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Abstract:

Predictions about the ecological consequences of oceanic uptake of CO2 have been preoccupied with the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, particularly those critical to the formation of habitats (e.g. coral reefs) or their maintenance (e.g. grazing echinoderms). This focus overlooks the direct effects of CO2 on non-calcareous taxa, particularly those that play critical roles in ecosystem shifts. We used two experiments to investigate whether increased CO2 could exacerbate kelp loss by facilitating non-calcareous algae that, we hypothesized, (i) inhibit the recovery of kelp forests on an urbanized coast, and (ii) form more extensive covers and greater biomass under moderate future CO2 and associated temperature increases. Our experimental removal of turfs from a phase-shifted system (i.e. kelp- to turf-dominated) revealed that the number of kelp recruits increased, thereby indicating that turfs can inhibit kelp recruitment. Future CO2 and temperature interacted synergistically to have a positive effect on the abundance of algal turfs, whereby they had twice the biomass and occupied over four times more available space than under current conditions. We suggest that the current preoccupation with the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers overlooks potentially profound effects of increasing CO2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Entire community; Indian Ocean; Laboratory experiment; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rocky-shore community; Temperate; Temperature

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Connell, Sean D	Measured
2	Salinity	Sal		Connell, Sean D	Measured
3	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Connell, Sean D	Measured
4	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Connell, Sean D	Measured
5	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Connell, Sean D	Calculated using CO2SYS
6	pH	pH		Connell, Sean D		NBS scale
7	Ecklonia radiata, cover	E. radiata cov	%	Connell, Sean D	Measured
8	Ecklonia radiata, cover, standard error	E. radiata cov std e	±	Connell, Sean D
9	Ecklonia radiata, dry mass	E. radiata dm	mg	Connell, Sean D	Measured
10	Ecklonia radiata, dry mass, standard error	E. radiata w std e	±	Connell, Sean D
11	Effective quantum yield	Y		Connell, Sean D	Calculated
12	Effective quantum yield, standard error	Y std e	±	Connell, Sean D
13	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
15	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

84 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat (Measured)	2 Sal (Measured)	3 Temp [°C] (Measured)	4 AT [µmol/kg] (Measured)	5 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	6 pH (NBS scale)	7 E. radiata cov [%] (Measured)	8 E. radiata cov std e [±]	9 E. radiata dm [mg] (Measured)	10 E. radiata w std e [±]	11 Y (Calculated)	12 Y std e [±]	13 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	15 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Contol CO2 ambient T	37	17	2696	2375	8.11	20.0	0.0	2.95	0.43	0.653	0.008	26	8.12	13.19	379.18	377.86	2126.17	235.54	3.58	5.54
Control CO2 elevate T	37	20	2910	2538	8.11	66.0	3.7	8.11	1.13	0.632	0.011	26	8.12	13.04	408.08	406.71	2245.94	278.82	4.28	6.56
Low CO2 ambient T	37	17	2764	2544	7.93	19.0	1.0	8.72	0.88	0.688	0.009	26	7.94	22.07	634.31	632.11	2349.85	171.99	2.61	4.04
Low CO2 elevated T	37	20	3066	2802	7.93	90.5	3.4	15.09	0.98	0.651	0.016	26	7.94	22.58	706.65	704.28	2568.79	210.63	3.23	4.96