Citation:

bg-7-177-2010

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi (strain Bergen 2005), 2010
Published: 2010-04-01
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

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Abstract:

The response of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to rising CO2 concentrations is well documented for acclimated cultures where cells are exposed to the CO2 treatments for several generations prior to the experiment. The exact number of generations required for acclimation to CO2-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, however, is unknown. Here we show that Emiliania huxleyi's short-term response (26 h) after cultures (grown at 500 µatm) were abruptly exposed to changed CO2 concentrations (~190, 410, 800 and 1500 ?atm) is similar to that obtained with acclimated cultures under comparable conditions in earlier studies. Most importantly, from the lower CO2 levels (190 and 410 ?atm) to 750 and 1500 µatm calcification decreased and organic carbon fixation increased within the first 8 to 14 h after exposing the cultures to changes in carbonate chemistry. This suggests that Emiliania huxleyi rapidly alters the rates of essential metabolical processes in response to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, establishing a new physiological "state" (acclimation) within a matter of hours. If this relatively rapid response applies to other phytoplankton species, it may simplify interpretation of studies with natural communities (e.g. mesocosm studies and ship-board incubations), where often it is not feasible to allow for a pre-conditioning phase before starting experimental incubations.

Keyword(s):

Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Description	Description		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana		End of experiment
2	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana
3	Salinity	Sal		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana
5	Radiation, photosynthetically active	PAR	µmol/m²/s	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana
6	Light:Dark cycle	L:D	hh:hh	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana
7	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Determination of phosphate (Murphy & Riley, 1962)
8	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Metrohm Titrando titrator
9	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Automated segmented-flow analyzer (Quaatro)
10	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Constants Roy et al. 1993
11	pH	pH		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Free scale, Constants Roy et al. 1993
12	pH	pH		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Total scale, Constants Roy et al. 1993
13	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Constants Roy et al. 1993
14	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Constants Roy et al. 1993
15	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Constants Roy et al. 1993
16	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Calculated using CO2SYS	Constants Roy et al. 1993
17	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Organic carbon fixation per cell per hour	Org C fix/cell	pg/#/h	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 1
27	Organic carbon fixation per cell per hour	Org C fix/cell	pg/#/h	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 2
28	Calcification rate of carbon per cell	Calc rate C/cell	pg/#/h	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 1
29	Calcification rate of carbon per cell	Calc rate C/cell	pg/#/h	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 2
30	Total carbon fixation per cell per hour	Total C fix/cell	pg/#/h	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 1
31	Total carbon fixation per cell per hour	Total C fix/cell	pg/#/h	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 2
32	Cumulative carbon fixation per cell	Cum C fix/cell	pg/#	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 1
33	Cumulative carbon fixation per cell	Cum C fix/cell	pg/#	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 2
34	Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio	PIC/POC		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 1
35	Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio	PIC/POC		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	see reference(s)	Replicate 2
36	Emiliania huxleyi, diameter	E. huxleyi diam	µm	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Coulter Counter Z series (Beckman Coulter)	Replicate 1
37	Emiliania huxleyi, diameter	E. huxleyi diam	µm	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Coulter Counter Z series (Beckman Coulter)	Replicate 2
38	Emiliania huxleyi, diameter	E. huxleyi diam	µm	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Coulter Counter Z series (Beckman Coulter)	Replicate 3
39	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II	Fv/Fm		Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	PAM (PhytoPAM, Phyto-ED Walz, PPAA0138)
40	Emiliania huxleyi	E. huxleyi	#/l	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Coulter Counter Z series (Beckman Coulter)	Replicate 1
41	Emiliania huxleyi	E. huxleyi	#/l	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Coulter Counter Z series (Beckman Coulter)	Replicate 2
42	Emiliania huxleyi	E. huxleyi	#/l	Barcelos e Ramos, Joana	Coulter Counter Z series (Beckman Coulter)	Replicate 3

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

834 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Description (End of experiment)	2 Exp treat	3 Sal	4 Temp [°C]	5 PAR [µmol/m²/s]	6 L:D [hh:hh]	7 [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (Determination of phosphate (M...)	8 AT [µmol/kg] (Metrohm Titrando titrator)	9 DIC [µmol/kg] (Automated segmented-flow anal...)	10 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Constants Roy et al. 1993, Ca...)	11 pH (Free scale, Constants Roy et ...)	12 pH (Total scale, Constants Roy et...)	13 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Constants Roy et al. 1993, Ca...)	14 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Constants Roy et al. 1993, Ca...)	15 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Constants Roy et al. 1993, Ca...)	16 Omega Cal (Constants Roy et al. 1993, Ca...)	17 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 pH (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Total scale, Calculated using...)	20 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Org C fix/cell [pg/#/h] (Replicate 1, see reference(s))	27 Org C fix/cell [pg/#/h] (Replicate 2, see reference(s))	28 Calc rate C/cell [pg/#/h] (Replicate 1, see reference(s))	29 Calc rate C/cell [pg/#/h] (Replicate 2, see reference(s))	30 Total C fix/cell [pg/#/h] (Replicate 1, see reference(s))	31 Total C fix/cell [pg/#/h] (Replicate 2, see reference(s))	32 Cum C fix/cell [pg/#] (Replicate 1, see reference(s))	33 Cum C fix/cell [pg/#] (Replicate 2, see reference(s))	34 PIC/POC (Replicate 1, see reference(s))	35 PIC/POC (Replicate 2, see reference(s))	36 E. huxleyi diam [µm] (Replicate 1, Coulter Counter ...)	37 E. huxleyi diam [µm] (Replicate 2, Coulter Counter ...)	38 E. huxleyi diam [µm] (Replicate 3, Coulter Counter ...)	39 Fv/Fm (PAM (PhytoPAM, Phyto-ED Walz,...)	40 E. huxleyi [#/l] (Replicate 1, Coulter Counter ...)	41 E. huxleyi [#/l] (Replicate 2, Coulter Counter ...)	42 E. huxleyi [#/l] (Replicate 3, Coulter Counter ...)
	pre-culture start	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2328	2135	502	8.05	7.97	1971	145.	19	3.5	15	8.00	17.32	461.35	459.71	1974.20	143.49	2.21	3.44
	pre-culture end	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	1084	1029	495	7.75	7.67	975	36.	19	0.9	15	7.70	17.04	453.91	452.29	976.30	35.67	0.55	0.86
0	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2558	2135	203	8.41	8.33	1822	305.	8	7.3	15	8.36	7.02	187.06	186.40	1825.42	302.56	4.65	7.26											4.30	4.31	4.32	0.59	34050000	35000000	34630000
0	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2359	2135	432	8.11	8.04	1954	165.	16	4.0	15	8.06	14.91	397.10	395.68	1956.38	163.71	2.52	3.93											4.34	4.37	4.37	0.60	36500000	37030000	36350000
0	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2228	2135	899	7.81	7.73	2017	85.	34	2.0	15	7.76	31.17	830.49	827.53	2020.35	83.48	1.28	2.00											4.41	4.40	4.40	0.57	35730000	35960000	35250000
0	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2150	2135	1588	7.56	7.49	2027	48.	60	1.2	15	7.50	55.89	1489.04	1483.73	2032.01	47.10	0.72	1.13											4.43	4.42	4.42	0.58	34900000	35470000	34840000
2	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10																				0.43	0.43	0.58	0.41	1.01	0.84	2.02	1.68	1.35	0.96	4.58	4.58	4.55	0.59	38820000	38100000	38320000
2	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10																				0.28	0.27	0.60	0.60	0.88	0.87	1.76	1.74	2.16	2.26	4.58	4.59	4.56	0.59	39880000	39460000	38930000
2	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10																				0.32	0.38	0.53	0.43	0.86	0.81	1.71	1.62	1.66	1.12	4.58	4.57	4.57	0.59	39600000	38730000	39510000
2	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10																				0.32	0.27	0.43	0.47	0.75	0.73	1.50	1.47	1.34	1.77	4.61	4.58	4.58	0.59	39300000	38950000	39130000
4	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10																				0.28	0.40	0.39	0.54	0.67	0.94	3.36	3.56	1.37	1.16	4.87	4.87	4.85	0.57	42610000	41810000	42230000
4	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10																				0.51	0.37	0.57	0.60	1.08	0.96	3.92	3.66	1.47	1.89	4.87	4.86	4.86	0.59	41050000	40850000	40110000
4	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10																				0.38	0.58	0.59	0.32	0.97	0.90	3.65	3.41	1.59	0.77	4.86	4.85	4.84	0.58	41000000	41270000	40190000
4	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10																				0.44	0.45	0.56	0.58	1.01	1.03	3.51	3.54	1.30	1.46	4.84	4.84	4.84	0.59	40780000	40610000	40580000
8	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10																				0.42	0.45	0.87	1.00	1.29	1.45	8.50	9.34	1.75	1.71	5.55	5.54	5.54	0.58	41270000	40390000	40870000
8	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10																				0.59	0.54	0.91	1.08	1.50	1.61	9.92	10.11	1.51	1.96	5.55	5.50	5.49	0.59	41980000	43820000	42470000
8	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10																				0.56	0.62	0.81	0.69	1.36	1.31	9.10	8.65	1.51	0.97	5.52	5.51	5.49	0.59	41970000	41660000	40910000
8	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10																				0.61	0.71	0.67	0.36	1.28	1.08	8.63	7.84	1.18	0.83	5.44	5.44	5.41	0.60	42110000	42810000	42250000
14	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2511	2071	182	8.44	8.36	1750	315.	7	7.6	15	8.39	6.27	167.11	166.51	1752.55	312.18	4.80	7.49	0.53	0.89	1.74	1.25	2.27	2.13	22.12	22.12	2.52	1.53	6.50	6.48	6.44	0.61	42070000	40700000	41490000
14	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2305	2068	386	8.14	8.07	1882	172.	15	4.1	15	8.09	13.30	354.34	353.07	1884.47	170.23	2.62	4.08	0.48	0.53	1.68	1.42	2.16	1.95	22.86	21.80	2.35	2.32	6.43	6.41	6.40	0.62	43210000	44840000	43480000
14	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2183	2069	750	7.87	7.79	1946	95.	28	2.3	15	7.82	25.94	690.98	688.52	1949.63	93.43	1.44	2.24	0.55	0.85	1.43	1.39	1.98	2.24	20.96	22.10	2.03	1.32	6.41	6.40	6.38	0.61	45460000	44830000	42960000
14	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2106	2081	1435	7.60	7.52	1976	51.	54	1.2	15	7.54	50.34	1341.13	1336.35	1980.96	49.70	0.76	1.19	0.80	0.54	1.01	1.49	1.81	2.03	19.47	20.01	1.23	1.65	6.33	6.30	6.32	0.62	42620000	44200000	43170000
24	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10																														4.92	4.92	4.93	0.58	90080000	91140000	90780000
24	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10																														4.96	4.95	4.95	0.59	97260000	96710000	96110000
24	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10																														5.06	5.05	5.03	0.59	90490000	90100000	93640000
24	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10																														5.12	5.11	5.08	0.59	79140000	79090000	82840000
26	pCO2=190	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2490	2060	186	8.43	8.35	1746	307.	7	7.4	15	8.38	6.41	170.68	170.07	1749.13	304.46	4.68	7.30	0.25	0.26	0.38	0.32	0.63	0.57	1.25	1.15	1.51	1.23	5.11	5.08	5.08	0.60	105800000	106100000	104100000
26	pCO2=410	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2263	2047	418	8.12	8.03	1874	157.	16	3.8	15	8.06	14.42	384.16	382.79	1876.84	155.74	2.39	3.74	0.24		0.32		0.55	0.57	1.11	1.14	1.33		5.09	5.09	5.08	0.62	107900000	107800000	107500000
26	pCO2=800	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2174	2065	772	7.86	7.78	1944	92.	29	2.2	15	7.81	26.73	712.05	709.51	1947.78	90.50	1.39	2.17	0.27	0.30	0.38	0.31	0.66	0.61	1.31	1.22	1.41	1.02	5.14	5.13	5.13	0.61	99620000	97160000	97950000
26	pCO2=1500	34	15	150	14:10	3.4	2077	2066	1591	7.55	7.47	1961	45.	60	1.1	15	7.49	56.01	1492.17	1486.85	1966.00	44.00	0.68	1.06	0.28		0.31		0.59	0.58	1.18	1.16	1.08		5.19	5.18	5.16	0.61	96430000	95460000	97460000