Citation:

35030078

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with coccolithophores (Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica), 2000
Published: 2000
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Entire community; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Not applicable; Open ocean; Other studied parameter or process; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

The formation of calcareous skeletons by marine planktonic organisms and their subsequent sinking to depth generates a continuous rain of calcium carbonate to the deep ocean and underlying sediments1. This is important in regulating marine carbon cycling and ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange2. The present rise in atmospheric CO2 levels3 causes significant changes in surface ocean pH and carbonate chemistry4. Such changes have been shown to slow down calcification in corals and coralline macroalgae5,6, but the majority of marine calcification occurs in planktonic organisms. Here we report reduced calcite production at increased CO2 concentrations in monospecific cultures of two dominant marine calcifying phytoplankton species, the coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica . This was accompanied by an increased proportion of malformed coccoliths and incomplete coccospheres. Diminished calcification led to a reduction in the ratio of calcite precipitation to organic matter production. Similar results were obtained in incubations of natural plankton assemblages from the north Pacific ocean when exposed to experimentally elevated CO2 levels. We suggest that the progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may therefore slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean. As the process of calcification releases CO2 to the atmosphere, the response observed here could potentially act as a negative feedback on atmospheric CO2 levels.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Entire community; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Not applicable; Open ocean; Other studied parameter or process; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Event(s):

Riebesell_etal_2000a * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device
1	Sample ID	Sample ID		Riebesell, Ulf
2	Radiation, photosynthetically active	PAR	µmol/m²/s	Riebesell, Ulf
3	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Riebesell, Ulf	CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
4	Carbon dioxide, total	TCO2	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
5	pH	pH		Riebesell, Ulf
6	Coccolithophoridae, total	Coccolith	#/ml	Riebesell, Ulf	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
7	Aphrodite aculeata	A. aculeata	#	Riebesell, Ulf	Counting
8	Phytoplankton cell division rate	div	#/day	Riebesell, Ulf	Measured
9	Carbon dioxide, dissolved	CO2 diss	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
10	Carbon dioxide, dissolved	CO2 diss	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
11	Carbon dioxide, dissolved	CO2 diss	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
12	Carbon dioxide, dissolved	CO2 diss	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
13	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Riebesell, Ulf	Alkalinity, potentiometric
14	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Riebesell, Ulf	Alkalinity, potentiometric
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Riebesell, Ulf	Alkalinity, potentiometric
16	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Riebesell, Ulf	Alkalinity, potentiometric
17	Carbon dioxide, total	TCO2	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
18	Carbon dioxide, total	TCO2	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
19	Carbon dioxide, total	TCO2	µmol/l	Riebesell, Ulf
20	pH	pH		Riebesell, Ulf
21	pH	pH		Riebesell, Ulf
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Riebesell, Ulf
23	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Riebesell, Ulf
24	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Carbon, total, particulate	TPC	%	Riebesell, Ulf
27	Total particulate carbon production per cell	TPC prod/cell	pmol/#/day	Riebesell, Ulf	Measured
28	Particulate organic carbon production per cell	POC prod/cell	pmol/#/day	Riebesell, Ulf	Measured
29	Particulate inorganic carbon production per cell	PIC prod/cell	pmol/#/day	Riebesell, Ulf
30	δ13C, total particulate carbon	δ13C TPC	‰ PDB	Riebesell, Ulf	Measured
31	δ13C, particulate organic carbon	δ13C POC	‰ PDB	Riebesell, Ulf
32	δ13C, particulate inorganic carbon	δ13C PIC	‰	Riebesell, Ulf
33	δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon	δ13C DIC	‰ PDB	Riebesell, Ulf	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Delta-S
34	δ13C, carbon dioxide, aquatic	δ13C CO2 aq	‰	Riebesell, Ulf
35	Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis	εp	‰	Riebesell, Ulf	Calculated after Freeman & Hayes (1992)
36	Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis	εp	‰	Riebesell, Ulf	Calculated after Freeman & Hayes (1992)
37	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Riebesell, Ulf	Calculated, see reference(s)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

3006 data points

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