Hesse, Tilman; Butzin, Martin; Bickert, Torsten; Lohmann, Gerrit (2011): Compilation of 220 sediment core δ¹³C data from the glacial Atlantic Ocean [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.758334, Supplement to: Hesse, T et al. (2011): A model-data comparison of d13C in the glacial Atlantic Ocean. Paleoceanography, 26, PA3220, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002085
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Abstract:
We compare a compilation of 220 sediment core d13C data from the glacial Atlantic Ocean with three-dimensional ocean circulation simulations including a marine carbon cycle model. The carbon cycle model employs circulation fields which were derived from previous climate simulations. All sediment data have been thoroughly quality controlled, focusing on epibenthic foraminiferal species (such as Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi or Planulina ariminensis) to improve the comparability of model and sediment core carbon isotopes. The model captures the general d13C pattern indicated by present-day water column data and Late Holocene sediment cores but underestimates intermediate and deep water values in the South Atlantic. The best agreement with glacial reconstructions is obtained for a model scenario with an altered freshwater balance in the Southern Ocean that mimics enhanced northward sea ice export and melting away from the zone of sea ice production. This results in a shoaled and weakened North Atlantic Deep Water flow and intensified Antarctic Bottom Water export, hence confirming previous reconstructions from paleoproxy records. Moreover, the modeled abyssal ocean is very cold and very saline, which is in line with other proxy data evidence.
Related to:
Arz, Helge Wolfgang; Pätzold, Jürgen; Wefer, Gerold (1998): Correlated millennial-scale changes in surface hydrography and terrigenous sediment yield inferred from last-glacial marine deposits off northeastern Brazil. Quaternary Research, 50(2), 157-166, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1992
Bauch, Henning A; Erlenkeuser, Helmut; Spielhagen, Robert F; Struck, Ulrich; Matthiessen, Jens; Thiede, Jörn; Heinemeier, Jan (2001): A multiproxy reconstruction of the evolution of deep and surface waters in the subarctic Nordic seas over the last 30,000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20(4), 659-678, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00098-6
Bertram, Caroline J; Elderfield, Henry; Shackleton, Nicholas J; McDonald, J A (1995): Cadmium/calcium and carbon isotope reconstructions of the glacial northeast Atlantic Ocean. Paleoceanography, 10(3), 563-578, https://doi.org/10.1029/94PA03058
Beveridge, N; Elderfield, Henry; Shackleton, Nicholas J (1995): Deep thermohaline circulation in the low-latitude Atlantic during the last glacial. Paleoceanography, 10(3), 643-660, https://doi.org/10.1029/94PA03353
Bickert, Torsten; Mackensen, Andreas (2004): Last glacial to holocene changes in South Atlantic Deep Water Circulation. In: Wefer, G; Mulitza, S & Ratmeyer, V (eds.), The South Atlantic in the Late Quaternary: Reconstruction of Material Budgets and Current Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 671-693
Bickert, Torsten; Wefer, Gerold (1996): Late Quaternary deep water circulation in the South Atlantic: Reconstruction from carbonate dissolution and benthic stable isotopes. In: Wefer, G; Berger, W H; Siedler, G & Webb, D (eds.), The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 103, 599-620
Bickert, Torsten; Wefer, Gerold (1999): South Atlantic and benthic foraminifer 13C deviations: Implications for reconstructing the Late Quaternary deep-water circulation. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 46(1-2), 437-452, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00098-8
Boyle, Edward A; Keigwin, Lloyd D (1985): Comparison of Atlantic and Pacific paleochemical records for the last 215.000 years: changes in deep ocean circulation and chemical inventories. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 76(1-2), 135-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90154-2
Boyle, Edward A; Keigwin, Lloyd D (1987): North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past 20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface temperature. Nature, 330(6143), 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1038/330035a0
Castañeda, Isla S; Mulitza, Stefan; Schefuß, Enno; Lopes dos Santos, Raquel A; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; Schouten, Stefan (2009): Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(48), 20159-20163, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905771106
Curry, William B; Duplessy, Jean-Claude; Labeyrie, Laurent D; Shackleton, Nicholas J (1988): Changes in the distribution of d13C of deep water Sigma-CO2 between the last glaciation and the Holocene. Paleoceanography, 3(3), 317-341, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA003i003p00317
Curry, William B; Lohmann, G P (1982): Carbon isotopic changes in benthic foraminifera from the Western South Atlantic: Reconstruction of glacial abyssal circulation patterns. Quaternary Research, 18(2), 218-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90071-0
deMenocal, Peter B; Oppo, Delia W; Fairbanks, Richard G; Prell, Warren L (1992): Pleistocene d13C variability of North Atlantic intermediate water. Paleoceanography, 7(2), 229-250, https://doi.org/10.1029/92PA00420
Duplessy, Jean-Claude (1982): North Atlantic deep water circulation during the last climate cycle. Bulletin de l'Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine, 31, 379-391
Freudenthal, Tim; Meggers, Helge; Henderiks, Jorijntje; Kuhlmann, Holger; Moreno, Ana; Wefer, Gerold (2002): Upwelling intensity and filament activity off Morocco during the last 250,000 years. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49(17), 3655-3674, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00101-7
Hodell, David A; Venz, Kathryn A; Charles, Christopher D; Ninnemann, Ulysses S (2003): Pleistocene vertical carbon isotope and carbonate gradients in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4(1), 1004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000367
Jung, Simon J A (1996): Wassermassenaustausch zwischen NE-Atlantik und Nordmeer während der letzten 300 000/80 000 Jahre im Abbild stabiler O- und C- Isotope. Berichte aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 313, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, 61, 104 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/reports-sfb313.1996.61
Keigwin, Lloyd D (2004): Radiocarbon and stable isotope constraints on Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas ventilation in the western North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 19(4), PA4012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001029
Keigwin, Lloyd D; Schlegel, M A (2002): Ocean ventilation and sedimentation since the glacial maximum at 3 km in the western North Atlantic. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 3(6), 1034, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000283
Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean; Curry, William B; Oppo, Delia W; Ninnemann, Ulysses S; Charles, Christopher D; Munson, J (2006): Meridional overturning circulation in the South Atlantic at the Last Glacial Maximum. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 7(10), Q10N03, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001226
Mackensen, Andreas; Grobe, Hannes; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang; Kuhn, Gerhard (1994): Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the d13C-signal in the atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: glacial-to-interglacial contrasts. In: Zahn, R; Pederson, T F; Kaminiski, M A & Labeyrie, L (eds.), Carbon cycling in the glacial ocean: constraints on the ocean's role in global change, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, NATO ASI Series I17, 105-144
McManus, Jerry F; Oppo, Delia W; Cullen, James L (1999): A 0.5-million-year record of millennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic. Science, 283(5404), 971-975, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5404.971
Millo, Christian; Sarnthein, Michael; Voelker, Antje H L; Erlenkeuser, Helmut (2006): Variability of the Denmark Strait Overflow during the Last Glacial Maximum. Boreas, 35(1), 50-60, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2006.tb01112.x
Mix, Alan C; Fairbanks, Richard G (1985): North Atlantic surface-ocean control of Pleistocene deep-ocean circulation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 73(2-4), 231-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(85)90072-X
Mollenhauer, Gesine; Schneider, Ralph R; Müller, Peter J; Spieß, Volkhard; Wefer, Gerold (2002): Glacial/Interglacial variability in the Benguela upwelling system: Spatial distribution and budgets of organic carbon accumulation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16(4), 1134, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001488
Mulitza, Stefan; Prange, Matthias; Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Zabel, Matthias; von Dobeneck, Tilo; Itambi, Achakie C; Nizou, Jean; Schulz, Michael; Wefer, Gerold (2008): Sahel megadroughts triggered by glacial slowdowns of Atlantic meridional overturning. Paleoceanography, 23(4), PA4206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001637
Ninnemann, Ulysses S; Charles, Christopher D (2002): Changes in the mode of Southern Ocean circulation over the last glacial cycle revealed by foraminiferal stable isotopic variability. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 201(2), 383-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00708-2
Oppo, Delia W; Fairbanks, Richard G (1987): Variability in the deep and intermediate water circulation of the Atlantic Ocean during the past 25.000 years: Northern Hemisphere modulation of the Southern Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 86(1), 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90183-X
Oppo, Delia W; Horowitz, Michael (2000): Glacial deep water geometry: South Atlantic benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and d13C evidence. Paleoceanography, 15(2), 147-160, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000436
Oppo, Delia W; Horowitz, Michael; Lehman, Scott J (1997): Marine core evidence for reduced deep water production during Termination II followed by a relatively stable substage 5e (Eemian). Paleoceanography, 12(1), 51-63, https://doi.org/10.1029/96PA03133
Oppo, Delia W; Lehman, Scott J (1993): Mid-depth circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum. Science, 259(5098), 1148-1152, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5098.1148
Pierre, Catherine; Saliège, Jean Francois; Urrutiaguer, Marie Jose; Giraudeau, Jacques (2001): Stable isotope record of the last 500 k.y. at Site 1087 (Southern Cape Basin). In: Wefer, G; Berger, WH; Richter, C (eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 175, 1-22, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.175.230.2001
Sarnthein, Michael; Gersonde, Rainer; Niebler, Hans-Stefan; Pflaumann, Uwe; Spielhagen, Robert F; Thiede, Jörn; Wefer, Gerold; Weinelt, Mara (2003): Overview of Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP 2000). Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1030, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000769
Sarnthein, Michael; Winn, Kyaw; Jung, Simon J A; Duplessy, Jean-Claude; Labeyrie, Laurent D; Erlenkeuser, Helmut; Ganssen, Gerald M (1994): Changes in east Atlantic deepwater circulation over the last 30,000 years: Eight time slice reconstructions. Paleoceanography, 9(2), 209-267, https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA03301
Schönfeld, Joachim; Zahn, Rainer; de Abreu, Lucia (2003): Surface to deep water response to rapid climate changes at the western Iberian Margin. Global and Planetary Change, 36(4), 237-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00197-2
Shackleton, Nicholas J (1977): Carbon-13 in Uvigerina: Tropical rain forest history and the equatorial Pacific carbonate dissolution cycle. In: Andersen, N R & Malahoff, A (eds.), The Fate of Fossil Fuel in the Oceans. New York (Plenum), 401-427
Skinner, Luke C; Shackleton, Nicholas J (2004): Rapid transient changes in northeast Atlantic deep water ventilation age across Termination I. Paleoceanography, 19(2), PA2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000983
Slowey, Niall C; Curry, William B (1995): Glacial-interglacial differences in circulation and carbon cycling within the upper western North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 10(4), 715-732, https://doi.org/10.1029/95PA01166
Tiedemann, Ralf (1991): Acht Millionen Jahre Klimageschichte von Nordwest Afrika und Paläo-Ozeanographie des angrenzenden Atlantiks: Hochauflösende Zeitreihen von ODP-Sites 658-661. Berichte-Reports, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität Kiel, 46, 190 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/reports-gpi.1991.46
Tjallingii, Rik; Claussen, Martin; Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Fohlmeister, J; Jahn, A; Bickert, Torsten; Lamy, Frank; Röhl, Ursula (2008): Coherent high- and low-latitude control of the Northwest African hydrological balance. Nature Geoscience, 1, 670-675, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo289
Venz, Kathryn A; Hodell, David A; Stanton, Cathy; Warnke, Detlef A (1999): A 1.0 myr record of glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water variability from ODP Site 982 in the northeast Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 14(1), 42-52, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998PA900013
Vidal, Laurence; Schneider, Ralph R; Marchal, Olivier; Bickert, Torsten; Stocker, Thomas F; Wefer, Gerold (1999): Link between the North and South Atlantic during the Heinrich events of the last galcial period. Climate Dynamics, 15(12), 909-919, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050321
Winn, Kyaw; Sarnthein, Michael; Erlenkeuser, Helmut (1991): d18O stratigraphy and chronology of Kiel sediment cores from the East Atlantic. Berichte-Reports, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität Kiel, 45, 99 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/reports-gpi.1991.45
Wollenburg, Jutta Erika; Kuhnt, Wolfgang; Mackensen, Andreas (2001): Changes in Arctic Ocean paleoproductivity and hydrography during the last 145 kyr: the benthic foraminiferal record. Paleoceanography, 16(1), 65-77, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000454
Zabel, Matthias; Bickert, Torsten; Dittert, Lars; Haese, Ralf R (1999): Significance of the sedimentary Al : Ti ratio as an indicator for variations in the circulation patterns of the equatorial North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 14(6), 789-799, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900027
Zahn, Rainer; Stüber, A (2002): Suborbital intermediate water variability inferred from paired benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and d13C in the tropical West Atlantic and linking with North Atlantic climates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 200(1-2), 191-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00613-1
Zahn, Rainer; Winn, Kyaw; Sarnthein, Michael (1986): Benthic foraminiferal d13C and accumulation rates of organic carbon: Uvigerina peregrina group and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. Paleoceanography, 1(1), 27-42, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA001i001p00027
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 10.773327 * Median Longitude: -21.986460 * South-bound Latitude: -46.764000 * West-bound Longitude: -80.130000 * North-bound Latitude: 82.023700 * East-bound Longitude: 17.633000
Date/Time Start: 1957-05-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2005-06-24T01:23:00
Minimum Elevation: -5105.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 0.0 m
Event(s):
68-502_Site * Latitude: 11.491100 * Longitude: -79.378800 * Date/Time: 1979-08-16T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3051.0 m * Penetration: 7.573 m * Recovery: 5.313 m * Location: Caribbean Sea/RIDGE * Campaign: Leg68 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: 169 cores; 629.8 m cored; 24.1 m drilled; 84.4% recovery
81-552 * Latitude: 56.042700 * Longitude: -23.231300 * Date/Time: 1981-07-31T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2301.0 m * Penetration: 314 m * Recovery: 79.1 m * Location: North Atlantic/PLATEAU * Campaign: Leg81 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 21 cores; 184 m cored; 35 m drilled; 43 % recovery
108-658 * Latitude: 20.749200 * Longitude: -18.580800 * Date/Time Start: 1986-03-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1986-03-08T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2274.0 m * Penetration: 537.1 m * Recovery: 541.5 m * Location: Canarias Sea * Campaign: Leg108 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: 59 cores; 537.1 m cored; 0 m drilled; 100.8% recovery
Comment:
We combined carbon isotope data from various compilations [Sarnthein et al., 1994, Bickert and Mackensen, 2004, Curry and Oppo, 2005, Marchal and Curry, 2008], and from the PANGAEA and NCDC databases (https://pangaea.de and http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo). As far as possible the original authors within the compilations were traced back and referenced. We only considered sediment cores containing Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi which is known to be the most reliable conserver of d13C (DIC) in the ocean [Woodruff et al., 1980, Belanger et al., 1981, Zahn et al., 1986, Hodell etal., 2001]. Some cores include a few other benthic species (Planulina ariminensis or Cibicidoides kullenbergi), which are also used in this study, as they are thought to have an epibenthic habitat, too [Lutze and Thiel, 1989].
For each core we calculated the average d13C value of the Late Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum time slice. Our definitions of the Late Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum are 0-4 ka BP and 18-24 ka BP, respectively. Phytodetritus corrections like those used in Bickert and Mackensen [2004] were not applied to any of the data.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | ||||
| 2 | Latitude of event | Latitude | ||||
| 3 | Longitude of event | Longitude | ||||
| 4 | Elevation of event | Elevation | m | |||
| 5 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 6 | Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, δ13C | C. wuellerstorfi δ13C | ‰ PDB | Late Holocene | ||
| 7 | Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, δ13C, standard deviation | C. wuellerstorfi δ13C std dev | ± | Late Holocene | ||
| 8 | Sample amount | N | # | Late Holocene | ||
| 9 | Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, δ13C | C. wuellerstorfi δ13C | ‰ PDB | Last Glacial Maximum | ||
| 10 | Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, δ13C, standard deviation | C. wuellerstorfi δ13C std dev | ± | Last Glacial Maximum | ||
| 11 | Sample amount | N | # | Last Glacial Maximum | ||
| 12 | Precision | Precis | of mass spectrometer analysis in per mil PDB | |||
| 13 | Age, comment | Comm | method of age determination | |||
| 14 | Reference of data | Ref data | ||||
| 15 | Uniform resource locator/link to file | URL file |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1646 data points