Citation:

nclimate1937

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and hatch rates of Antarctic krill
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Antarctic; Arthropoda; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Euphausia superba; Laboratory experiment; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Reproduction; Single species; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Marine ecosystems of the Southern Ocean are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba; hereafter krill) is the key pelagic species of the region and its largest fishery resource. There is therefore concern about the combined effects of climate change, ocean acidification and an expanding fishery on krill and ultimately, their dependent predators-whales, seals and penguins. However, little is known about the sensitivity of krill to ocean acidification. Juvenile and adult krill are already exposed to variable seawater carbonate chemistry because they occupy a range of habitats and migrate both vertically and horizontally on a daily and seasonal basis. Moreover, krill eggs sink from the surface to hatch at 700-1,000 m, where the carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) in sea water is already greater than it is in the atmosphere. Krill eggs sink passively and so cannot avoid these conditions. Here we describe the sensitivity of krill egg hatch rates to increased CO2, and present a circumpolar risk map of krill hatching success under projected pCO2 levels. We find that important krill habitats of the Weddell Sea and the Haakon VII Sea to the east are likely to become high-risk areas for krill recruitment within a century. Furthermore, unless CO2 emissions are mitigated, the Southern Ocean krill population could collapse by 2300 with dire consequences for the entire ecosystem.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Antarctic; Arthropoda; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Euphausia superba; Laboratory experiment; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Reproduction; Single species; Zooplankton

Original version:

Kawaguchi, So; Ishida, Akio; King, Rob; Raymond, Ben; Waller, N; Constable, A; Nicol, Steven; Wakita, M; Ishimatsu, Atsushi (2013): Code, data and results used to fit growth rates of Antarctic krill under experimental CO2 manipulation. Australian Antarctic Data Centre, https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/krill_risk_maps

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -64.150000 * Longitude: 100.766670

Date/Time Start: 2012-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2012-01-31T00:00:00

Event(s):

Southern_Ocean_OA * Latitude: -64.150000 * Longitude: 100.766670 * Date/Time Start: 2012-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2012-01-31T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-01-20.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Kawaguchi, So
2	Identification	ID		Kawaguchi, So
3	Treatment	Treat		Kawaguchi, So		CC=Control-Control, CH=Control-High pCO2,HH=High pCO2, HC=High pCO2-Control
4	Replicate	Repl		Kawaguchi, So
5	Eggs	Eggs	#	Kawaguchi, So
6	Eggs, hatched	Eggs hatch	#	Kawaguchi, So
7	Eggs, unhatched	Eggs unhatch	#	Kawaguchi, So
8	Salinity	Sal		Kawaguchi, So
9	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Kawaguchi, So
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Kawaguchi, So
11	Temperature, standard deviation	T std dev	±	Kawaguchi, So
12	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric titration
13	Alkalinity, total	AT	mg/l	Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric titration
14	pH	pH		Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric	total scale
15	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric	total scale
16	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Salinity	Sal		Kawaguchi, So		pCO2 switched
26	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Kawaguchi, So		pCO2 switched
27	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Kawaguchi, So		pCO2 switched
28	Temperature, standard deviation	T std dev	±	Kawaguchi, So		pCO2 switched
29	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric titration	pCO2 switched
30	Alkalinity, total	AT	mg/l	Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric titration	pCO2 switched
31	pH	pH		Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric	pCO2 switched , total scale
32	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Kawaguchi, So	Potentiometric	pCO2 switched , total scale
33	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
34	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
36	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
39	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
40	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched
41	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	pCO2 switched

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

9576 data points

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