Citation:

j.aquatox.2011.03.001

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and echinoderm Asterias rubens biological processes during experiments, 2011
Published: 2011-09-01
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Asterias rubens; Benthic animals; Benthos; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Echinodermata; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Single species

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Abstract:

We compared effects of exposure to predicted near-future (2100) ocean acidification (OA; pH 7.7) and normal seawater (Control; pH 8.1) on immune and stress responses in the adult sea star Asterias rubens. Analyses were made after one week and after six months of continuous exposure. Following one week exposure to acidified water, the pH of coelomic fluid was significantly reduced. Levels of the chaperon Hsp70 were elevated while key cellular players in immunity, coelomocytes, were reduced by approximately 50%. Following long-term exposure (six months) levels of Hsp70 returned to control values, whereas immunity was further impaired, evidenced by the reduced phagocytic capacity of coelomocytes and inhibited activation of p38 MAP-kinase. Such impacts of reduced seawater pH may have serious consequences for resistance to pathogens in a future acidified ocean.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Asterias rubens; Benthic animals; Benthos; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Echinodermata; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Single species

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Hernroth, Bodil
2	Salinity	Sal		Hernroth, Bodil
3	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Hernroth, Bodil
4	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Hernroth, Bodil
5	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Hernroth, Bodil	Calculated
6	pH	pH		Hernroth, Bodil		NBS scale: H+ ion concentration in µmol/l
7	pH	pH		Hernroth, Bodil	Calculated	NBS scale: H+ ion concentration in µmol/kg
8	Identification	ID		Hernroth, Bodil
9	Asterias rubens, phagocytosis	A. rubens phagocytosis		Hernroth, Bodil	see reference(s)
10	Asterias rubens, coelomocyte	A. rubens coelomocyte	#	Hernroth, Bodil	see reference(s)
11	Asterias rubens, 70 kilodalton heat shock protein per protein mass	A. rubens Hsp-70/prot	pg/mg	Hernroth, Bodil	see reference(s)
12	Asterias rubens, mitogen activated protein kinase p38 per protein mass	A. rubens MAPK p38/prot	pg/mg	Hernroth, Bodil	see reference(s)
13	Asterias rubens, pH, coelomic fluid	A. rubens pHc		Hernroth, Bodil	pH meter (Metrohm electrodes)
14	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Hernroth, Bodil	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
17	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

551 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 Sal	3 Temp [°C]	4 AT [mmol(eq)/l]	5 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	6 pH (NBS scale: H+ ion concentrati...)	7 pH (NBS scale: H+ ion concentrati...)	8 ID	9 A. rubens phagocytosis (see reference(s))	10 A. rubens coelomocyte [#] (see reference(s))	11 A. rubens Hsp-70/prot [pg/mg] (see reference(s))	12 A. rubens MAPK p38/prot [pg/mg] (see reference(s))	13 A. rubens pHc (pH meter (Metrohm electrodes))	14 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	17 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	1 week	921	7000	3.35	12.46	7.53	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	1 week	1079	9400	1.90	10.32	7.52	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	1 week	264	7075	4.25	11.06	7.51	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	1 week	734	16350	0.75	7.18	7.54	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	1 week	555	7425	3.15	6.92	7.53	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	1 week	1061	16500	3.20	11.67	7.38	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	1 week	654	5225	6.70	10.26	7.32	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	1 week	697	10000	9.65	12.20	7.39	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	1 week	291	4275	10.95	17.04	7.35	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	1 week	475	3100	12.35	15.36	7.36	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	1 week	372	2000	5.75	10.03	7.42	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	1 week	223	2900	6.15	12.37	7.32	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	6 months	1540	5600	1.30	9.69	7.51	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	6 months	1680	10600	1.35	9.83	7.48	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	6 months	874	12350	1.30	9.19	7.50	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	6 months	990	7700	0.85	15.52	7.51	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	6 months	788	10575	1.25	6.83	7.49	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Control	12	32	2.16	2151.54	8.1	8.07	6 months	1203	10275	1.05	5.99	7.49	2040.3	26	7.90	20.65	769.38	767.15	1910.88	108.77	2.00	3.33
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	6 months	396	8525	0.55	4.77	7.47	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	6 months	128	1075	0.30	4.99	7.36	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	6 months	491	4425	0.65	5.56	7.32	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	6 months	369	8800	1.00	5.02	7.35	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	6 months	721	5350	0.65	5.21	7.27	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24	46.72	0.86	1.43
Acidified	12	32	2.16	2151.54	7.7	7.67	6 months	167	1850	0.45	11.27	7.28	2150.2	26	7.50	55.24	2058.16	2052.20	2048.24		0.86	1.43