Citation:

lo.2010.55.5.2011

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry, pigments and proteins during experiments with phytoplankton, 2010
Published: 2010
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Entire community; Laboratory experiment; Micro-nutrients; North Pacific; Open ocean; Pelagos; Temperate

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Abstract:

In the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters of the Gulf of Alaska, microcosm manipulation experiments were used to assess the effect of CO2 on growth and primary production under iron-limited and iron-replete conditions. As expected, iron had a strong effect on growth and photosynthesis. A modest and variable stimulation of growth and biomass production by CO2 (high CO2: 77-122 Pa; low CO2: 11-17 Pa) was observed under both iron-replete and iron-limited conditions, though near the limit of precision of our measurements in slow-growing low-iron experiments. Physiological acclimations responsible for the changes in growth were assessed. Under iron-limited conditions, growth stimulation at high CO2 appeared to result from an increase in photosynthetic efficiency, which we attribute to energy savings from down-regulation of the carbon concentrating mechanisms. In some cases, iron-rich photosynthetic proteins (PsbA, PsaC, and cytochrome b6) were down-regulated at elevated CO2in iron-limited controls. Under iron-replete conditions, there was an increase in growth rate and biomass at high CO2 in some experiments. This increase was unexpectedly supported by reductions in cellular carbon loss, most likely decreased respiration. We speculate that this effect may be due to acclimation to decreased pH rather than high CO2. The variability in responses to CO2 among experiments did not appear to be caused by differences in phytoplankton community structure and may reflect the sensitivity of the net response of phytoplankton to antagonistic effects of the several parameters that co-vary with CO2.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Entire community; Laboratory experiment; Micro-nutrients; North Pacific; Open ocean; Pelagos; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Hopkinson, Brian A
2	Time, incubation	T incubation	day	Hopkinson, Brian A
3	Salinity	Sal		Hopkinson, Brian A
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Hopkinson, Brian A
5	pH	pH		Hopkinson, Brian A	pH meter (Oakton)	Total scale
6	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
7	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Hopkinson, Brian A
8	Nitrate	[NO3]-	µmol/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	Colorimetry
9	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	Colorimetry
10	Silicon	Si	µmol/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	Colorimetry
11	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
12	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Chlorophyll a	Chl a	µg/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	Fluorometry
21	Chlorophyll a, standard deviation	Chl a std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
22	Fucoxanthin	Fuco	µg/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
23	Fucoxanthin, standard deviation	Fuco std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
24	19-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin	But-fuco	µg/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
25	19-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, standard deviation	But-fuco std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
26	19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin	Hex-fuco	µg/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
27	19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, standard deviation	Hex-fuco std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
28	Chlorophyll b	Chl b	µg/l	Hopkinson, Brian A	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
29	Chlorophyll b, standard deviation	Chl b std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
30	Photosynthetic protein PsbA	PsbA	pmol/µg	Hopkinson, Brian A	see reference(s)
31	Photosynthetic protein, PsbA, standard deviation	PsbA std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
32	Photosynthetic protein, cytochrome, b6f	Cytb6	pmol/µg	Hopkinson, Brian A	see reference(s)
33	Photosynthetic protein, cytochrome, b6f, standard deviation	Cytb6 std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A
34	Photosynthetic protein, PsbC	PsaC	pmol/µg	Hopkinson, Brian A	see reference(s)
35	Photosynthetic protein, PsbC, standard deviation	PsaC std dev	±	Hopkinson, Brian A

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1001 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 T incubation [day]	3 Sal	4 Temp [°C]	5 pH	6 pH std dev [±]	7 DIC [µmol/kg]	8 [NO3]- [µmol/l]	9 [PO4]3- [µmol/l]	10 Si [µmol/l]	11 CSC flag	12 CO2 [µmol/kg]	13 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	14 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	15 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	16 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	17 AT [µmol/kg]	18 Omega Arg	19 Omega Cal	20 Chl a [µg/l]	21 Chl a std dev [±]	22 Fuco [µg/l]	23 Fuco std dev [±]	24 But-fuco [µg/l]	25 But-fuco std dev [±]	26 Hex-fuco [µg/l]	27 Hex-fuco std dev [±]	28 Chl b [µg/l]	29 Chl b std dev [±]	30 PsbA [pmol/µg]	31 PsbA std dev [±]	32 Cytb6 [pmol/µg]	33 Cytb6 std dev [±]	34 PsaC [pmol/µg]	35 PsaC std dev [±]
Initial	0.0																				0.124		0.231		0.446		0.120
Low CO2	0.0																		1.674	0.000
Low CO2	1.5	32.29	13.80	8.42	0.007	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	6.04	153.59	153.03	1730.98	302.98	2465.2	4.68	7.34	1.338	0.036
Low CO2	3.5																				0.182	0.014	0.114	0.020	0.273	0.042	0.109	0.006	0.016	0.001	0.338	0.080
Low CO2	3.5																		1.674	0.000
Low CO2	3.5	32.29	13.80	7.56	0.014	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	49.12	1249.51	1244.98	1943.91	46.97	2062.0	0.73	1.14	1.420	0.099
High CO2	0.0	32.29	13.80	7.62	0.021	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	42.77	1087.94	1084.01	1943.32	53.91	2078.6	0.83	1.31	1.326	0.202
High CO2	3.5																				0.205	0.015	0.118	0.006	0.289	0.033	0.091	0.005	0.010	0.002	0.157	0.046
High CO2	3.5																		1.674	0.000
High CO2	3.5	32.29	13.80	8.40	0.007	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	6.36	161.89	161.30	1742.39	291.25	2449.1	4.50	7.06	2.541	0.340
Fe Low CO2	0.0	32.29	13.80	8.47	0.014	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	5.29	134.49	134.00	1700.71	334.00	2507.5	5.16	8.09	5.573	1.052
Fe Low CO2	1.5																		1.674	0.000
Fe Low CO2	3.5																				1.618	0.156	0.159	0.023	0.691	0.048	0.153	0.007	0.067	0.008	1.000	0.026	1.000	0.183
Fe Low CO2	3.5	32.29	13.80	7.59	0.014	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	45.84	1166.06	1161.84	1943.83	50.32	2070.3	0.78	1.22	2.921	0.399
Fe High CO2	0.0	32.29	13.80	7.72	0.071	2040	6.6	0.6	17.8	9	33.89	862.00	858.88	1938.41	67.70	2107.9	1.05	1.64	6.055	1.843
Fe High CO2	1.5																		0.826	0.014
Fe High CO2	3.5																				1.550	0.255	0.192	0.114	0.540	0.248	0.175	0.057	0.053	0.008	0.918	0.064	0.951	0.026
Initial	0.0																				0.080		0.122		0.253		0.042
Initial	0.0	32.55	13.10	8.53	0.014	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	4.58	114.15	113.74	1667.22	368.20	2554.8	5.67	8.90	1.094	0.093
Low CO2	0.0	32.55	13.10	8.46	0.007	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	5.38	134.15	133.66	1706.39	328.23	2500.9	5.05	7.94	1.440	0.521
Low CO2	3.0																		0.826	0.014
Low CO2	5.3	32.55	13.10	7.76	0.014	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	31.32	780.58	777.73	1936.07	72.61	2118.0	1.12	1.76	1.100	0.125	0.204	0.047	0.176	0.033	0.392	0.158	0.080	0.014	0.018	0.008	0.171	0.031
High CO2	0.0	32.55	13.10	7.74	0.000	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	32.82	818.09	815.10	1937.77	69.41	2111.8	1.07	1.68	1.486	0.074
High CO2	3.0																		0.826	0.014
High CO2	5.3	32.55	13.10	8.54	0.007	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	4.46	111.09	110.69	1660.32	375.22	2564.2	5.78	9.07	1.861	0.036	0.276	0.038	0.196	0.047	0.336	0.034	0.107	0.000	0.019	0.003	0.286	0.001
Fe Low CO2	0.0	32.55	13.10	8.50	0.000	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	4.97	123.79	123.34	1687.27	347.76	2527.3	5.35	8.41	6.958	0.150
Fe Low CO2	3.0																		0.826	0.014
Fe Low CO2	5.3	32.55	13.10	7.78	0.007	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	29.18	727.38	724.72	1933.13	77.69	2127.6	1.20	1.88	1.687	0.087	1.610	0.190	0.446	0.028	1.136	0.122	0.308	0.015	0.057	0.001	1.000	0.077	1.000	0.261
Fe High CO2	0.0	32.55	13.10	7.78	0.007	2040	9.2	1.5	10.8	9	29.88	744.72	742.00	1934.16	75.96	2124.4	1.17	1.84	4.288	0.375
Fe High CO2	3.0																		0.622	0.063
Fe High CO2	5.3	32.67	11.50	8.54	0.007	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	4.56	107.99	107.59	1671.23	364.22	2550.8	5.58	8.80	0.622	0.015	0.969	0.131	0.254	0.001	0.562	0.017	0.453	0.067	0.029	0.004	0.591	0.052	0.459	0.047
Initial	0.0																				0.132		0.088		0.234		0.233
Low CO2	0.0	32.67	11.50	8.54	0.014	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	4.68	110.95	110.54	1677.96	357.36	2541.6	5.48	8.63	0.636	0.028
Low CO2	1.5	32.67	11.50	8.51	0.014	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	5.07	120.27	119.82	1697.53	337.40	2514.7	5.17	8.15	0.550	0.001
Low CO2	3.5	32.67	11.50	8.50	0.007	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	5.07	120.27	119.82	1697.53	337.40	2514.7	5.17	8.15	0.525	0.018
Low CO2	4.5																		0.697	0.050
Low CO2	5.5	32.67	11.50	7.67	0.000	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	40.20	952.86	949.31	1943.95	55.85	2084.8	0.86	1.35	0.632	0.021	0.081	0.013	0.063	0.006	0.110	0.005	0.261	0.039	0.036	0.005	0.202	0.000
High CO2	0.0	32.67	11.50	7.66	0.007	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	40.20	952.86	949.31	1943.95	55.85	2084.8	0.86	1.35	0.693	0.044
High CO2	1.5	32.67	11.50	7.66	0.007	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	41.14	975.22	971.58	1944.27	54.59	2082.0	0.84	1.32	0.619	0.060
High CO2	3.5	32.67	11.50	7.63	0.014	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	44.10	1045.32	1041.43	1944.94	50.96	2073.6	0.78	1.23	0.616	0.084
High CO2	4.5																		0.697	0.050
High CO2	5.5	32.67	11.50	8.55	0.000	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	4.56	107.99	107.59	1671.23	364.22	2550.8	5.58	8.80	0.675	0.015	0.086	0.013	0.077	0.008	0.094	0.030	0.273	0.072	0.026	0.004	0.176	0.018
Fe Low CO2	0.0	32.67	11.50	8.54	0.007	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	4.68	110.95	110.54	1677.96	357.36	2541.6	5.48	8.63	1.129	0.038
Fe Low CO2	1.5	32.67	11.50	8.52	0.007	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	4.94	117.09	116.65	1691.11	343.95	2523.6	5.27	8.31	1.340	0.029
Fe Low CO2	3.5	32.67	11.50	8.51	0.014	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	5.07	120.27	119.82	1697.53	337.40	2514.7	5.17	8.15	1.501	0.046
Fe Low CO2	4.5																		0.697	0.050
Fe Low CO2	5.5	32.67	11.50	7.68	0.000	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	39.28	931.00	927.53	1943.59	57.14	2087.6	0.88	1.38	0.788	0.024	0.323	0.023	0.119	0.022	0.231	0.045	0.285	0.049	0.078	0.020	1.000	0.359
Fe High CO2	0.0	32.67	11.50	7.68	0.000	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	39.28	931.00	927.53	1943.59	57.14	2087.6	0.88	1.38	1.422	0.039
Fe High CO2	1.5	32.67	11.50	7.67	0.014	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	40.20	952.86	949.31	1943.95	55.85	2084.8	0.86	1.35	1.636	0.192
Fe High CO2	3.5	32.67	11.50	7.69	0.014	2040	10.0	0.9	14.3	9	38.37	909.61	906.22	1943.17	58.46	2090.5	0.90	1.41	2.285	0.357
Fe High CO2	4.5																		0.911	0.085
Fe High CO2	5.5	32.53	13.40	8.44	0.000	2040	7.4	0.7	11.5	9	5.78	145.35	144.82	1721.69	312.53	2479.2	4.82	7.56	1.896	0.072	0.691		0.259		0.350		0.314		0.075	0.007	0.933	0.144
Initial	0.0																				0.097		0.121		0.281		0.069
Fe Low CO2	0.0	32.53	13.40	8.44	0.007	2040	7.4	0.7	11.5	9	5.78	145.35	144.82	1721.69	312.53	2479.2	4.82	7.56	2.806	0.113
Fe Low CO2	2.7																		0.911	0.085
Fe Low CO2	3.6	32.53	13.40	7.76	0.014	2040	7.4	0.7	11.5	9	31.09	782.07	779.22	1935.51	73.41	2119.3	1.13	1.78	3.443	0.159	0.492	0.086	0.221	0.020	0.658	0.026	0.089	0.018	0.065	0.001	1.000	0.097	1.000	0.100
Fe High CO2	0.0	32.53	13.40	7.78	0.007	2040	7.4	0.7	11.5	9	29.66	746.11	743.40	1933.55	76.79	2125.7	1.18	1.86	5.598	0.794
Fe High CO2	3.6																				0.862	0.029	0.298	0.021	0.658	0.062	0.174	0.013	0.061	0.010	0.847	0.072	1.044	0.142