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Gazeau, Frédéric; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Dawber, Caroline F; Pronker, A E; Peene, F; Peene, J; Heip, Carlo H R; Middelburg, Jack J (2010): Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes during experiments with early life stages of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, 2010 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.745072, Supplement to: Gazeau, F et al. (2010): Effect of ocean acidification on the early life stages of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Biogeosciences, 7(7), 2051-2060, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2051-2010

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Abstract:
Several experiments have shown a decrease of growth and calcification of organisms at decreased pH levels. There is a growing interest to focus on early life stages that are believed to be more sensitive to environmental disturbances such as hypercapnia. Here, we present experimental data, acquired in a commercial hatchery, demonstrating that the growth of planktonic mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae is significantly affected by a decrease of pH to a level expected for the end of the century. Even though there was no significant effect of a 0.25-0.34 pH unit decrease on hatching and mortality rates during the first 2 days of development nor during the following 13-day period prior to settlement, final shells were respectively 4.5±1.3 and 6.0±2.3% smaller at pHNBS~7.8 (pCO2~1100-1200 µatm) than at a control pHNBS of ~8.1 (pCO2~460-640 µatm). Moreover, a decrease of 12.0±5.4% of shell thickness was observed after 15d of development. More severe impacts were found with a decrease of ~0.5 pHNBS unit during the first 2 days of development which could be attributed to a decrease of calcification due to a slight undersaturation of seawater with respect to aragonite. Indeed, important effects on both hatching and D-veliger shell growth were found. Hatching rates were 24±4% lower while D-veliger shells were 12.7±0.9% smaller at pHNBS~7.6 (pCO2~1900 µatm) than at a control pHNBS of ~8.1 (pCO2~540 µatm). Although these results show that blue mussel larvae are still able to develop a shell in seawater undersaturated with respect to aragonite, the observed decreases of hatching rates and shell growth could lead to a significant decrease of the settlement success. As the environmental conditions considered in this study do not necessarily reflect the natural conditions experienced by this species at the time of spawning, future studies will need to consider the whole larval cycle (from fertilization to settlement) under environmentally relevant conditions in order to investigate the potential ecological and economical losses of a decrease of this species fitness in the field.
Keyword(s):
Animalia; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Reproduction; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384: European Project on Ocean Acidification
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106: European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
IdentificationIDGazeau, Frédéric
Experimental treatmentExp treatGazeau, Frédéric
Experiment dayExp daydayGazeau, Frédéric
Temperature, waterTemp°CGazeau, Frédéric
Temperature, standard deviationT std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
SalinitySalGazeau, Frédéric
Salinity, standard deviationSal std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
Oxygen saturationO2 sat%Gazeau, Frédéric
Oxygen, standard deviationO2 std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
10 pHpHGazeau, FrédéricpH meter (Metrohm electrodes)NBS scale
11 pH, standard deviationpH std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
12 Chlorophyll aChl aµg/lGazeau, Frédéric
13 Chlorophyll a, standard deviationChl a std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
14 Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgGazeau, FrédéricAlkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950)
15 Alkalinity, total, standard deviationAT std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
16 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle)
17 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle)
18 Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle)
19 Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle)
20 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle)
21 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2 1.1 (M. Frankignoulle)
22 Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23 pHpHNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Total scale
24 Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26 Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27 Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28 Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29 Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgGazeau, FrédéricCalculated using CO2SYS
30 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31 Calcite saturation stateOmega CalNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32 Mytilus edulis, D-larvae hatching rate successM. edulis D-larv hatc%Gazeau, Frédéric
33 Mytilus edulis, D-larvae hatching rate success, standard deviationM. edulis D-larv hatc std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
34 Mytilus edulis, D-larvae shell lengthM. edulis l D-larv slµmGazeau, Frédéric
35 Mytilus edulis, D-larvae shell length, standard deviationM. edulis l D-larv sl std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
36 Mytilus edulisM. edulis#Gazeau, Frédéric
37 Mytilus edulis, standard deviationM. edulis std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
38 Mytilus edulis, shell lengthM. edulis slµmGazeau, Frédéric
39 Mytilus edulis, shell length, standard deviationM. edulis sl std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
40 Mytilus edulis, shell thicknessM. edulis shell thickµmGazeau, Frédéric
41 Mytilus edulis, shell thickness, standard deviationM. edulis shell thick std dev±Gazeau, Frédéric
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
552 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


ID

Exp treat

Exp day [day]

Temp [°C]

T std dev [±]

Sal

Sal std dev [±]

O2 sat [%]

O2 std dev [±]
10 
pH
(NBS scale, pH meter (Metrohm ...)
11 
pH std dev [±]
12 
Chl a [µg/l]
13 
Chl a std dev [±]
14 
AT [µmol/kg]
(Alkalinity, Gran titration (G...)
15 
AT std dev [±]
16 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. ...)
17 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. ...)
18 
[HCO3]- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. ...)
19 
[CO3]2- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. ...)
20 
Omega Arg
(Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. ...)
21 
Omega Cal
(Calculated using CO2 1.1 (M. ...)
22 
CSC flag
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
23 
pH
(Total scale, Calculated using...)
24 
CO2 [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
25 
pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
26 
fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
27 
[HCO3]- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
28 
[CO3]2- [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
29 
DIC [µmol/kg]
(Calculated using CO2SYS)
30 
Omega Arg
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
31 
Omega Cal
(Calculated using seacarb afte...)
32 
M. edulis D-larv hatc [%]
33 
M. edulis D-larv hatc std dev [±]
34 
M. edulis l D-larv sl [µm]
35 
M. edulis l D-larv sl std dev [±]
36 
M. edulis [#]
37 
M. edulis std dev [±]
38 
M. edulis sl [µm]
39 
M. edulis sl std dev [±]
40 
M. edulis shell thick [µm]
41 
M. edulis shell thick std dev [±]
Exp 1Control 116.61.032.10.1100.03.08.150.0124866468225420711662.755.12158.0316.83465.26463.632088.54164.632270.02.574.0076.02.081.40.9
Exp 1Control 216.70.831.90.294.72.67.810.0124836112423972273841.382.58157.6940.341117.431113.532284.8982.072407.31.282.0075.42.580.90.4
Exp 1Low pH 116.51.032.00.196.42.58.090.0124366537223720731442.394.45157.9719.40534.52532.652090.47142.632252.52.223.4772.31.277.70.5
Exp 1Low pH 216.21.232.10.197.60.67.580.0124374192924322312490.811.52157.4670.011913.181906.462319.3948.502437.90.751.1857.61.770.60.6
Exp 2Control219.50.331.40.391.36.98.030.0329.128.87240220642221820621352.304.27157.9021.17634.03631.902077.99134.142233.32.123.2914000001000078.64.5
Exp 2Control619.50.331.40.391.36.98.030.0329.128.87240220642221820621352.304.27157.9021.17634.03631.902077.99134.142233.32.123.2999000040000108.21.9
Exp 2Control819.50.331.40.391.36.98.030.0329.128.87240220642221820621352.304.27157.9021.17634.03631.902077.99134.142233.32.123.2977000050000139.80.5
Exp 2Control1019.50.331.40.391.36.98.030.0329.128.87240220642221820621352.304.27157.9021.17634.03631.902077.99134.142233.32.123.2976000040000165.01.9
Exp 2Control1319.50.331.40.391.36.98.030.0329.128.87240220642221820621352.304.27157.9021.17634.03631.902077.99134.142233.32.123.2974000040000195.65.8
Exp 2Control1519.50.331.40.391.36.98.030.0329.128.87240220642221820621352.304.27157.9021.17634.03631.902077.99134.142233.32.123.2974000020000207.04.44.20.2
Exp 2Low pH219.20.431.50.191.84.47.780.0531.1212.55240320121323212200801.372.54157.6540.231195.171191.132210.5479.632330.41.261.9514100002000078.64.5
Exp 2Low pH619.20.431.50.191.84.47.780.0531.1212.55240320121323212200801.372.54157.6540.231195.171191.132210.5479.632330.41.261.9596000050000103.92.0
Exp 2Low pH819.20.431.50.191.84.47.780.0531.1212.55240320121323212200801.372.54157.6540.231195.171191.132210.5479.632330.41.261.95780000110000135.20.7
Exp 2Low pH1019.20.431.50.191.84.47.780.0531.1212.55240320121323212200801.372.54157.6540.231195.171191.132210.5479.632330.41.261.9575000020000160.11.4
Exp 2Low pH1319.20.431.50.191.84.47.780.0531.1212.55240320121323212200801.372.54157.6540.231195.171191.132210.5479.632330.41.261.9575000070000182.33.6
Exp 2Low pH1519.20.431.50.191.84.47.780.0531.1212.55240320121323212200801.372.54157.6540.231195.171191.132210.5479.632330.41.261.9574000020000194.61.73.60.1