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Ries, Justin B; Cohen, Anne L; McCorkle, Daniel C (2009): Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes during experiments with calcifiing organisms, 2009. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.733947, Supplement to: Ries, JB et al. (2009): Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Geology, 37(12), 1131-1134, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30210A.1

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Abstract:
Anthropogenic elevation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) is making the oceans more acidic, thereby reducing their degree of saturation with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3). There is mounting concern over the impact that future CO2-induced reductions in the CaCO3 saturation state of seawater will have on marine organisms that construct their shells and skeletons from this mineral. Here, we present the results of 60 d laboratory experiments in which we investigated the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on calcification in 18 benthic marine organisms. Species were selected to span a broad taxonomic range (crustacea, cnidaria, echinoidea, rhodophyta, chlorophyta, gastropoda, bivalvia, annelida) and included organisms producing aragonite, low-Mg calcite, and high-Mg calcite forms of CaCO3. We show that 10 of the 18 species studied exhibited reduced rates of net calcification and, in some cases, net dissolution under elevated pCO2. However, in seven species, net calcification increased under the intermediate and/or highest levels of pCO2, and one species showed no response at all. These varied responses may reflect differences amongst organisms in their ability to regulate pH at the site of calcification, in the extent to which their outer shell layer is protected by an organic covering, in the solubility of their shell or skeletal mineral, and whether they utilize photosynthesis. Whatever the specific mechanism(s) involved, our results suggest that the impact of elevated atmospheric pCO2 on marine calcification is more varied than previously thought.
Keyword(s):
Animalia; Annelida; Arbacia punctulata; Argopecten irradians; Arthropoda; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Callinectes sapidus; Chlorophyta; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Crassostrea virginica; Crepidula fornicata; Echinodermata; Eucidaris tribuloides; Halimeda incrassata; Homarus americanus; Hydroides crucigera; Laboratory experiment; Littorina littorea; Macroalgae; Mercenaria mercenaria; Mollusca; Mya arenaria; Mytilus edulis; Neogoniolithon sp.; North Atlantic; Oculina arbuscula; Penaeus plebejus; Plantae; Rhodophyta; Single species; Strombus alatus; Temperate; Urosalpinx cinerea
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384: European Project on Ocean Acidification
Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106: European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1IdentificationIDRies, Justin B
2Sample IDSample IDRies, Justin B
3SpeciesSpeciesRies, Justin B
4SiteSiteRies, Justin B
5SalinitySalRies, Justin B
6Temperature, waterTemp°CRies, Justin B
7Light:Dark cycleL:Dhh:hhRies, Justin B
8Radiation, photosynthetically activePARµmol/m2/sRies, Justin B
9Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
10pHpHRies, Justin BpH meter (Orion)NBS scale
11pHpHNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Total scale
12Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgRies, Justin BAlkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950)
13Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgRies, Justin BCalculated using CO2SYSCalculated using Roy etal 1993 constants
14Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgRies, Justin BCalculated using CO2SYSCalculated using constants by Mehrbach et al. 1973 refit by Dickson and Millero 1987
15Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmRies, Justin BInfrared pCO2 analyzer (Qubit S151)AIR
16Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmRies, Justin BCalculated using CO2SYSCalculated using Roy etal 1993 constants
17Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23Calcite saturation stateOmega CalNisumaa, Anne-MarinCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgRies, Justin BCalculated using CO2SYSCalculated using Roy etal 1993 constants
25SurvivalSurvival%Ries, Justin B
26Buoyant massM buoyantmgRies, Justin Bsee reference(s)Initial
27Buoyant massM buoyantmgRies, Justin Bsee reference(s)Final
28Calcium carbonate, dry weightCaCO3 DWmgRies, Justin Bsee reference(s)Initial
29Calcium carbonate, dry weightCaCO3 DWmgRies, Justin Bsee reference(s)Final
30Calcification rateCalc rate%/dayRies, Justin BBuoyant weighing technique according to Davies (1989)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
14500 data points

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