Citation:

geochemj.38.613

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification during an experiment with a coral Porites lutea, 2004
Published: 2004
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; Porites lutea; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Using living corals collected from Okinawan coral reefs, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the relationship between coral calcification and aragonite saturation state (W) of seawater at 25 infinity C. Calcification rate of a massive coral Porites lutea cultured in a beaker showed a linear increase with increasing Waragonite values (1.08-7.77) of seawater. The increasing trend of calcification rate (c) for W is expressed as an equation, c = aW + b (a, b: constants). When W was larger than ~4, the coral samples calcified during nighttime, indicating an evidence of dark calcification. This study strongly suggests that calcification of Porites lutea depends on W of ambient seawater. A decrease in saturation state of seawater due to increased pCO2 may decrease reef-building capacity of corals through reducing calcification rate of corals.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; Porites lutea; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Event(s):

OH_04 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Site	Site		Ohde, Shigeru
2	Sample ID	Sample ID		Ohde, Shigeru
3	Date/time start	Date/time start		Ohde, Shigeru
4	Date/time end	Date/time end		Ohde, Shigeru
5	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Ohde, Shigeru	Measured
6	Salinity	Sal		Ohde, Shigeru	Salinometer (601 MK III, YEO-KAL, Australia)
7	Radiation, photosynthetically active	PAR	µmol/m²/s	Ohde, Shigeru	PAR-sensor LI-250, LI-COR Inc.
8	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
9	pH	pH		Ohde, Shigeru	pH meter (HM-60S, TOA Electronic, Japan)	NBS scale
10	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
11	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Ohde, Shigeru	Titration potentiometric
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Ohde, Shigeru	Calculated using CO2SYS
13	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	µmol/cm²/h	Ohde, Shigeru	Alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith and Key, 1975)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

920 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Site	2 Sample ID	3 Date/time start	4 Date/time end	5 Temp [°C] (Measured)	6 Sal (Salinometer (601 MK III, YEO-...)	7 PAR [µmol/m²/s] (PAR-sensor LI-250, LI-COR Inc.)	8 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	9 pH (NBS scale, pH meter (HM-60S, ...)	10 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	11 AT [µmol/kg] (Titration potentiometric)	12 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	13 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	15 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 Calc rate CaCO3 [µmol/cm²/h] (Alkalinity anomaly technique ...)
Mizugama	A	2002-01-19T11:00	2002-01-19T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	7.94	7.80	2061.5	1901.9	19.71	119.23	1762.96	695.01	692.83	1.90	2.88	0.006
Mizugama	A	2002-01-20T11:00	2002-01-20T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.27	8.13	2248.5	1903.8	8.61	240.57	1654.62	303.42	302.46	3.83	5.81	0.035
Mizugama	A	2002-01-23T11:00	2002-01-23T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.42	8.28	2414.5	1945.2	5.93	330.12	1609.15	209.13	208.47	5.25	7.97	0.049
Mizugama	A	2002-01-24T11:00	2002-01-24T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.60	8.46	2578.5	1934.0	3.59	457.36	1473.05	126.49	126.09	7.27	11.04	0.058
Mizugama	A	2002-01-19T19:00	2002-01-19T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	7.91	7.77	2092.5	1942.5	21.52	114.67	1806.31	758.62	756.23	1.82	2.77	-0.031
Mizugama	A	2002-01-20T19:00	2002-01-20T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.24	8.10	2275.5	1945.7	9.46	232.07	1704.17	333.65	332.60	3.69	5.60	-0.007
Mizugama	A	2002-01-23T19:00	2002-01-23T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.39	8.26	2451.0	1995.4	6.50	322.75	1666.14	229.32	228.60	5.13	7.79	0.010
Mizugama	A	2002-01-24T19:00	2002-01-24T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.59	8.45	2613.5	1973.8	3.80	456.25	1513.75	133.90	133.48	7.26	11.01	0.028
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	7.77	7.64	2061.5	1962.6	30.02	85.89	1846.69	1058.63	1055.29	1.37	2.07	0.011
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	8.09	7.96	2294.5	2047.6	14.45	179.72	1853.43	509.61	508.01	2.86	4.34	0.014
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	8.38	8.24	2449.5	2006.1	6.82	314.51	1684.76	240.62	239.86	5.00	7.59	0.042
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	8.50	8.37	2580.5	2017.2	4.87	402.22	1610.11	171.85	171.31	6.40	9.71	0.084
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	7.69	7.55	2101.5	2030.7	38.12	73.09	1919.49	1343.99	1339.76	1.16	1.76	-0.047
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.04	7.90	2316.0	2096.1	16.97	163.50	1915.63	598.41	596.52	2.60	3.95	-0.054
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.32	8.18	2485.0	2080.8	8.29	289.84	1782.67	292.33	291.41	4.61	7.00	-0.000
Mizugama	A	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.46	8.33	2640.0	2101.7	5.68	388.21	1707.81	200.31	199.68	6.17	9.37	0.018
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-19T11:00	2002-01-19T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.00	7.86	2029.0	1845.6	16.49	132.06	1697.05	581.44	579.61	2.10	3.19	0.029
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-20T11:00	2002-01-20T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.33	8.19	2167.0	1793.0	6.92	255.74	1530.33	244.15	243.38	4.07	6.17	0.084
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-23T11:00	2002-01-23T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.47	8.34	2346.0	1845.3	4.85	347.33	1493.12	171.14	170.60	5.52	8.38	0.082
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-24T11:00	2002-01-24T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.62	8.49	2484.0	1836.4	3.18	453.35	1379.88	111.98	111.63	7.21	10.94	0.106
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-19T19:00	2002-01-19T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	7.87	7.73	2102.0	1968.2	24.15	105.82	1838.24	851.41	848.73	1.68	2.55	-0.033
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-20T19:00	2002-01-20T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.21	8.08	2276.0	1962.3	10.21	221.70	1730.39	360.09	358.95	3.53	5.35	-0.004
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-23T19:00	2002-01-23T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.38	8.24	2446.5	2005.0	6.86	313.10	1685.04	241.78	241.02	4.98	7.56	0.013
Rukan-sho	B	2002-01-24T19:00	2002-01-24T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.56	8.42	2597.5	1985.4	4.13	436.46	1544.80	145.78	145.32	6.94	10.54	0.041
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	7.87	7.73	2006.0	1875.1	22.87	101.37	1750.86	806.29	803.75	1.61	2.45	0.049
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	8.16	8.03	2222.0	1942.3	11.47	197.89	1732.93	404.59	403.32	3.15	4.78	0.065
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	8.41	8.27	2347.5	1894.4	5.92	316.00	1572.49	208.63	207.97	5.02	7.63	0.104
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T11:30	2002-03-06T17:30	25	34.6	14.6	15	8.54	8.40	2439.5	1869.7	4.08	398.57	1467.05	143.97	143.52	6.34	9.62	0.159
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	7.65	7.51	2115.5	2056.3	42.05	68.11	1946.14	1482.51	1477.84	1.08	1.64	-0.049
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	7.98	7.84	2310.0	2117.8	19.70	146.24	1951.86	694.57	692.39	2.33	3.53	-0.023
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.27	8.14	2470.5	2099.9	9.43	266.77	1823.70	332.40	331.35	4.24	6.44	0.023
Rukan-sho	B	2002-03-06T19:30	2002-03-06T22:30	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.42	8.29	2623.5	2119.8	6.37	363.64	1749.80	224.49	223.78	5.78	8.78	0.036
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-19T11:00	2002-01-19T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	7.95	7.81	2064.0	1899.0	19.08	122.43	1757.50	672.66	670.55	1.95	2.96	0.004
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-20T11:00	2002-01-20T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.30	8.16	2244.5	1882.0	7.90	251.90	1622.20	278.53	277.66	4.01	6.08	0.056
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-23T11:00	2002-01-23T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.46	8.32	2415.0	1914.9	5.24	350.68	1558.98	184.78	184.20	5.58	8.47	0.072
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-24T11:00	2002-01-24T17:00	25	34.6	11.5	15	8.63	8.49	2580.5	1909.9	3.26	475.19	1431.45	114.97	114.60	7.56	11.47	0.076
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-19T19:00	2002-01-19T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	7.91	7.77	2086.5	1936.6	21.43	114.43	1800.74	755.51	753.13	1.82	2.76	-0.021
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-20T19:00	2002-01-20T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.25	8.11	2271.5	1936.8	9.21	235.07	1692.51	324.90	323.88	3.74	5.67	0.005
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-23T19:00	2002-01-23T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.41	8.28	2452.0	1981.1	6.12	333.06	1641.92	215.81	215.13	5.30	8.04	0.011
Rukan-sho	C	2002-01-24T19:00	2002-01-24T22:00	25	34.6	0.0	15	8.60	8.46	2611.0	1961.6	3.65	462.72	1495.23	128.82	128.41	7.36	11.17	0.049
Mizugama	D	2002-05-09T11:45	2002-05-09T17:45	25	34.6	13.0	15	7.91	7.77	2063.5	1914.7	21.19	113.11	1780.40	747.18	744.83	1.80	2.73	-0.040
Mizugama	D	2002-05-10T11:45	2002-05-10T17:45	25	34.6	13.0	15	8.26	8.12	2256.5	1920.0	9.01	235.61	1675.38	317.62	316.62	3.75	5.69	0.040
Mizugama	D	2002-05-11T11:45	2002-05-11T17:45	25	34.6	13.0	15	8.43	8.29	2404.0	1927.8	5.71	334.18	1587.91	201.17	200.53	5.31	8.07	0.100
Mizugama	D	2002-05-09T20:30	2002-05-09T23:30	25	34.6	13.0	15	7.91	7.77	2077.0	1927.5	21.32	113.92	1792.26	751.80	749.43	1.81	2.75	-0.040
Mizugama	D	2002-05-10T20:30	2002-05-10T23:30	25	34.6	13.0	15	8.24	8.10	2258.0	1930.6	9.41	229.81	1691.38	331.90	330.85	3.65	5.55	0.000
Mizugama	D	2002-05-11T20:30	2002-05-11T23:30	25	34.6	13.0	15	8.42	8.29	2403.0	1930.8	5.79	331.47	1593.54	204.25	203.61	5.27	8.00	0.080