/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Hormes, Anne; Müller, Benjamin U; Schlüchter, Christian (2001): Carbon 14 age dating of wood samples from the Alps. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.133666, Supplement to: Hormes, Anne; Müller, Benjamin U; Schluechter, Christian (2001): The Alps with little ice: evidence for eight Holocene phases of reduced glacier extent in the Central Swiss Alps. The Holocene, 11(3), 255-265, https://doi.org/10.1191/095968301675275728 Abstract: Glacially deformed pieces of wood, organic lake sediments and clasts of reworked peat have been collected in front of Alpine glaciers since AD 1990. The palaeoglaciological interpretation of these organic materials is related to earlier phases of glacier recession surpassing that of today's shrunken glaciers and to tree growth and peat accumulation in the valleys now occupied by the glaciers. Glacial transport of the material is indicated by wood anatomy, incorporated silt, sand and gravel particles, missing bark and deformed treerings. A total of 65 samples have been radiocarbon dated so far, and clusters of dates provide evidence of eight phases of glacier recession: 9910-9550, 9010-7980, 7250-6500, 6170-5950, 5290-3870, 3640-3360, 2740-2620 and 1530-1170 calibrated years BP. Allowing for the timelag between climatic fluctuations, glacier response and vegetation colonization, these recession phases may lag behind climatic changes by 100-200 years. Related to: Hormes, Anne (2001): The 14C perspective of glacier recessions in the Swiss Alps and New Zealand. PhD Thesis, University Bern. Der Andere Verlag, Osnabrück, 176 pp Hormes, Anne; Schluechter, Christian; Stocker, Thomas F (1998): Minimal extension phases of Unteraarglacier (Swiss Alps) during the Holocene based on 14C analysis of wood. In: Mook, W G & van der Plicht, J (eds.), Radiocarbon, Proceedings of the 16th International 14C Conference, 809-817 Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 46.426630 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: 8.132935 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 46.010000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 7.030000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 46.570000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 9.920000 MINIMUM ELEVATION: 1800 m a.s.l. * MAXIMUM ELEVATION: 2630 m a.s.l. Comment: All conventional radiocarbon measurements reported here were carried out at the University of Bern, Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Physics, using low activity copper proportional counters filled with CH4 (Fairhall, 1961, doi:10.1063/1.1717353). Screening techniques and the method of proportional gas counting are described in previous work (Geyh and Schleicher, 1990; Loosli et al., 1980). Six samples (UZ and ETH) were measured at the ETH/PSI AMS facility in Zürich. Different chemical pretreatment methods have been applied to exclude possible contamination of cell composition during glacial transportation and storage. We compared sub-samples treated with standard chemical analysis (acid-alkali-acid) with extractions of lignin and a-cellulose. Chemical pretreatment protocols are given in (Hormes et al., 1998, hdl:10013/epic.22566). Calibration: the radiocarbon ages are given in radiocarbon years before present, expressed as 'yr BP'. Calibrated years are given as 'cal yr BP' and were carried out with the OxCal v.3.8 software (Bronk Ramsey, 1995; Bronk Ramsey, 2000) based on the INTCAL calibration data set (Stuiver et al., 1998). Parameter(s): LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE ELEVATION [m a.s.l.] (Elevation) * GEOCODE Sample code/label (Sample label) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) * COMMENT: glacier name and sample no Sample, optional label/labor no (Lab no) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) Age, dated material (Dated material) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) Age, dated [ka] (Age dated) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) * METHOD/DEVICE: Age, 14C conventional Age, dated standard deviation [±] (Age dated std dev) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) * COMMENT: 1 sigma Age, minimum/young [ka] (Age min) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) * COMMENT: given in cal kyr BP Age, maximum/old [ka] (Age max) * PI: Hormes, Anne (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-8252, anne.hormes@angstrom.uu.se) * COMMENT: given in cal kyr BP License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 644 data points */ Latitude Longitude Elevation [m a.s.l.] Sample label Lab no Dated material Age dated [ka] Age dated std dev [±] Age min [ka] Age max [ka] 46.14 7.85 2060 Riedgletscher-4 B-6229 Picea 8.782 0.035 9.910 9.700 46.14 7.85 2060 Riedgletscher-2 B-6228 Picea 8.663 0.045 9.680 9.550 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-178 B-7037 Picea/Larix 8.109 0.034 9.010 8.790 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-132 B-6686 Picea Cellulose 8.043 0.044 9.010 8.810 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-124 B-6691 Picea/Larix 8.029 0.033 9.010 8.810 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-179 B-7298 Picea sp. 7.990 0.033 9.000 8.780 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-140 B-6690 Picea/Larix 7.973 0.031 8.990 8.720 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-127 B-6692 Picea/Larix 7.960 0.032 8.980 8.660 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-132 B-6686 Picea sp. Lignin 7.953 0.033 8.980 8.650 46.14 7.85 2060 Riedgletscher-10 B-7301 Larix/Picea 7.919 0.033 8.975 8.640 46.14 7.85 2060 Riedgletscher-3 B-7303 Larix/Picea 7.906 0.032 8.930 8.610 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-1/97 B-7307 Larix/Picea 7.885 0.032 8.750 8.600 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-12/98 B-7306 Larix/Picea 7.863 0.032 8.675 8.595 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-163 B-6700 Larix sp. 7.702 0.031 8.540 8.410 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-11/98 B-7305 Pinus cembra 7.626 0.032 8.410 8.390 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-5/94 B-7315 Pinus cembra 7.591 0.032 8.410 8.370 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-4/97 B-7309 Larix/Picea 7.561 0.033 8.390 8.350 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-6/97 B-7311 Larix/Picea 7.542 0.034 8.390 8.340 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-7/97 B-7312 Pinus cembra 7.536 0.033 8.380 8.340 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-3/97 B-7308 Pinus cembra 7.527 0.033 8.380 8.335 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-5/97 B-7310 Pinus cembra 7.523 0.032 8.370 8.220 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-2/96 B-7313 Pinus cembra 7.392 0.057 8.320 8.065 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-129 B-7322 Picea sp. 7.375 0.033 8.190 8.110 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-132 B-6686 Picea sp. Standard 7.372 0.032 8.980 8.720 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-182 B-7040 Picea sp. 7.234 0.033 8.110 7.980 46.40 9.88 2180 Tschierva-2 B-7316 Pinus cembra 6.276 0.031 7.250 7.103 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-122 B-7317 Pinus cembra 6.133 0.030 7.150 6.950 46.40 9.88 2180 Tschierva-1 B-6053 Pinus cembra 6.133 0.030 7.150 6.950 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-135 B-6704 Pinus cembra Cellulose 6.083 0.039 6.990 6.810 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-135 B-6704 Pinus cembra Standard 6.032 0.036 6.900 6.760 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-162 B-6689 Pinus cembra Standard 6.032 0.028 6.890 6.760 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-135 B-6704 Pinus cembra Lignin 6.030 0.029 6.890 6.760 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-162 B-6689 Pinus cembra 6.000 0.060 6.890 6.730 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-6 B-6232 Pinus cembra 5.992 0.037 6.870 6.750 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-162 B-6689 Pinus cembra Lignin 5.985 0.034 6.860 6.750 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-162 B-6689 Pinus cembra Cellulose 5.973 0.032 6.850 6.730 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-4/94 B-7314 Pinus cembra 5.915 0.029 6.780 6.670 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-176 B-6842 Pinus cembra Standard 5.902 0.031 6.780 6.670 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-176 B-6842 Pinus cembra Cellulose 5.872 0.032 6.730 6.660 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-3 B-6231 Pinus cembra 5.866 0.034 6.730 6.640 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-176 B-6842 Pinus cembra Lignin 5.804 0.028 6.660 6.570 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-1 B-6230 Pinus cembra 5.791 0.032 6.660 6.500 46.01 7.55 1980 Mont Mine«-10/98 B-7304 Pinus cembra 5.769 0.029 6.640 6.500 46.14 7.85 2060 Riedgletscher-1 B-7302 Pinus cembra 5.262 0.028 6.170 5.950 46.29 8.12 2125 Steinlimi-11 UZ-1525 Organic silt 4.855 0.090 5.660 5.490 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-1 B-6687 Picea sp. Lignin 4.494 0.026 5.290 5.050 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-1 B-6687 Picea sp. Cellulose 1 4.471 0.026 5.280 5.000 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-1 B-6687 Picea sp. Standard 4.459 0.026 5.260 4.980 46.30 8.13 2000 Stein-2 ETH-10866 Wood 4.340 0.055 4.970 4.850 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-161 B-6707 Pinus cembra 4.340 0.025 4.870 4.860 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-154 B-7318 Picea/Larix 4.155 0.028 4.820 4.590 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-180 B-7038 Salix sp. 4.136 0.027 4.810 4.550 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-148 B-7320 Picea/Larix 4.103 0.027 4.790 4.530 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-149 B-7319 Picea sp. 4.049 0.026 4.570 4.450 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-136 B-6703 Picea sp. 4.045 0.025 4.570 4.450 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-166 B-6688 Larix/Picea 4.039 0.025 4.570 4.440 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-121 B-6702 Picea sp. 3.972 0.025 4.500 4.410 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-181 B-7039 Pinus cembra 3.956 0.027 4.430 4.410 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-133 B-6699 Pinus cembra Cellulose 3.954 0.026 4.420 4.410 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-133 B-6699 Pinus cembra Standard 3.945 0.026 4.420 4.410 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-133 B-6699 Pinus cembra Lignin 3.930 0.025 4.420 4.300 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-150 B-6701 Pinus cembra Cellulose 3.890 0.032 4.410 4.250 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-150 B-6701 Pinus cembra Lignin 3.831 0.025 4.250 4.150 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-119 B-6693 Picea sp. Lignin 3.798 0.025 4.240 4.100 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-41 B-6697 Salix sp./peat 3.789 0.025 4.230 4.090 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-40 B-6696 Salix sp./peat 3.778 0.025 4.220 4.090 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-150 B-6701 Pinus cembra Standard 3.761 0.025 4.150 4.090 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-192 B-6619 peat 3.730 0.032 4.150 3.990 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-192 B-6619 peat 3.724 0.026 4.140 3.990 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-Test ETH-14920 peat Test-1 3.715 0.050 4.150 3.930 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-119 B-6693 Picea sp. Cellulose 3.702 0.038 4.090 3.930 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-117 B-6705 Salix sp./peat 3.694 0.033 4.090 3.930 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-170 B-6618 Salix sp. stem 3.686 0.027 4.090 3.930 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-19 B-6694 Salix sp./peat 3.683 0.024 4.080 3.930 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-118 B-6698 Picea/Larix 3.656 0.024 4.060 3.930 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-175 B-6832 Pinus cembra Cellulose 3.656 0.033 4.070 3.910 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-119 B-6693 Picea sp. Standard 3.645 0.027 3.980 3.900 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-175 B-6832 Pinus cembra Lignin 3.645 0.027 4.060 3.900 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-175 B-6832 Pinus cembra Standard 3.623 0.027 3.980 3.890 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-112 B-6695 Salix sp./peat 3.622 0.032 3.980 3.870 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-174 B-6891 Pinus cembra Cellulose 3.349 0.033 3.640 3.480 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-174 B-6891 Pinus cembra Lignin 3.276 0.024 3.550 3.470 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-174 B-6891 Pinus cembra Standard 3.262 0.026 3.550 3.470 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-172 B-6706 Betula sp. 3.227 0.025 3.470 3.400 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-125 B-7321 Pinus cembra 3.149 0.025 3.380 3.360 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-183 B-7299 Pinus cembra 2.555 0.025 2.740 2.620 46.29 8.12 2125 Steinlimi-10 UZ-1390 Organic silt 2.090 0.105 2.300 1.900 46.25 9.92 2630 Lago di Musella-1 UZ-7376 Organic silt 1.895 0.060 1.920 1.740 46.01 7.03 1800 Trient-7 B-6226 wood 1.594 0.029 1.530 1.420 46.30 8.13 2000 Stein-1 B-6225 Wood 1.482 0.027 4.830 4.650 46.25 9.92 2630 Lago di Musella-2 UZ-1492 Organic silt 1.440 0.080 1.410 1.290 46.57 8.20 1950 Unteraargletscher-190 B-7300 Pinus cembra 1.265 0.023 1.260 1.170