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Overview of Neotropical-Caribbean freshwater ostracode fauna (Crustacea, Ostracoda): identifying areas of endemism and assessing biogeographical affinities

  • REMEMBERING RICK FORESTER
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Abstract

Freshwater ostracodes from the Neotropical-Caribbean region are potentially excellent tools for evolutionary and paleoenvironmental studies but their use is limited, because integrated data in taxonomy, environmental, and geographical preferences of the species at large scale remain unknown. A total of 118 species were recorded in the Neotropical-Caribbean region based on existing literature and results from fieldwork. About 74% of the species are restricted to the region and most of them show limited distributional areas as a consequence of environmental heterogeneity. Based on Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity, five areas of endemism were identified: (1) southern Florida, (2) southern Mexico-northern Central America, (3) Cuba, (4) Lesser Antilles, and (5) northern Venezuela-Aruba-Curacao-Trinidad. The conservation status of these areas was revised and lake ecosystems with endemic taxa were proposed to be included in environmental protection initiatives. Biogeographical analysis showed a strong differentiation between the ostracode faunas of the Neotropical-Caribbean region and the Neotropical-Neogen region. Few exchanges of species were attributed to ecological and geographical barriers such as volcanism and irregular orography. Faunal affinities within the Neotropical-Caribbean region indicated closer relationship between southern Mexico, southern Florida and the Antilles suggesting a common biogeographical history. Middle Central America and Chiapas-Guatemala highlands were discriminated as isolated regions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all colleagues and institutions involved in this work: the students team from the Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal (Mexico): Christian Vera, León E. Ibarra, Miguel A. Valadéz, Cuauhtémoc Ruiz; Ramón Beltrán (Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Mexico); and Lisa Heise (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico) for their excellent work on field. We would also like to thank the following colleagues and institutions: Manuel Elías (El Colegio de la Frontera sur, Chetumal Unit, Mexico); Margarita Caballero, Socorro Lozano, and Alexander Correa (Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM); Alexis Oliva; and the team from the Asociación de Municipios del Lago de Yojoa y su área de influencia (AMUPROLAGO, Honduras); María Renée Álvarez, Margarita Palmieri, Eleonor de Tott, Roberto moreno (Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala); Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (CONAP, Guatemala); Néstor Herrera; and Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (San Salvador, El Salvador). We deeply thanks the comments provided for three anonymous reviewers, that greatly improved the first version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, SCHW 671/16-1), Technische Universität Braunschweig and Programa UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT IA101515. CONACYT (Mexico) provided fellowships (218604, 218639) to the first two authors.

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  1. Institut für Geosysteme und Bioindikation, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106, Brunswick, Germany

    Sergio Cohuo, Laura Macario-González & Antje Schwalb

  2. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico

    Liseth Pérez

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  1. Sergio Cohuo
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Cohuo, S., Macario-González, L., Pérez, L. et al. Overview of Neotropical-Caribbean freshwater ostracode fauna (Crustacea, Ostracoda): identifying areas of endemism and assessing biogeographical affinities. Hydrobiologia 786, 5–21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2747-1

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