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Time evolution of chemical exchanges during mixing of rhyolitic and basaltic melts

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Abstract

We present the first set of chaotic mixing experiments performed using natural basaltic and rhyolitic melts. The mixing process is triggered by a recently developed apparatus that generates chaotic streamlines in the melts, mimicking the development of magma mixing in nature. The study of the interplay of physical dynamics and chemical exchanges between melts is carried out performing time series mixing experiments under controlled chaotic dynamic conditions. The variation of major and trace elements is studied in detail by electron microprobe and Laser Ablation ICP-MS. The mobility of each element during mixing is estimated by calculating the decrease in the concentration variance in time. Both major and trace element variances decay exponentially, with the value of exponent of the exponential function quantifying the element mobility. Our results confirm and quantify how different chemical elements homogenize in the melt at differing rates. The differential mobility of elements in the mixing system is considered to be responsible for the highly variable degree of correlation (linear, nonlinear, or scattered) of chemical elements in many published inter-elemental plots. Elements with similar mobility tend to be linearly correlated, whereas, as the difference in mobility increases, the plots become progressively more nonlinear and/or scattered. The results from this study indicate that the decay of concentration variance is in fact a robust tool for obtaining new insights into chemical exchanges during mixing of silicate melts. Concentration variance is (in a single measure) an expression of the influence of all possible factors (e.g., viscosity, composition, and fluid dynamic regime) controlling the mobility of chemical elements and thus can be an additional petrologic tool to address the great complexity characterizing magma mixing processes.

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Acknowledgments

This research was primarily funded by the ICDP program number DFG Project Di431/31-1, AOBJ: 564369. We thank Dr. Hans-Michael Seitz for the help in doing the LA-ICP-MS measurements. D. Perugini acknowledges research grants from the University of Perugia, MIUR, and the A.v.Humboldt Foundation (Germany) that awarded him a Humboldt Fellowship at the LMU (Munich, Germany). D.B. Dingwell acknowledges the support of a research professorship (LMUexcellent) of the Bundesexzellenzinitiative as well as an ERC Advanced Grant (247076 EVOKES). D. Morgavi thanks Angelo loffredi for all the support during these years.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Theresienstrasse 41/III, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Daniele Morgavi, Diego Perugini, Cristina P. De Campos, Werner Ertel-Ingrisch & Donald B. Dingwell

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Perugia, Piazza Universitá, 06100, Perugia, Italy

    Diego Perugini

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  1. Daniele Morgavi
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  2. Diego Perugini
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  5. Donald B. Dingwell
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Correspondence to Daniele Morgavi.

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Communicated by T. L. Grove.

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Morgavi, D., Perugini, D., De Campos, C.P. et al. Time evolution of chemical exchanges during mixing of rhyolitic and basaltic melts. Contrib Mineral Petrol 166, 615–638 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0894-1

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