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Paleoenvironmental conditions define current sustainability of microbial populations in Laguna Potrok Aike sediments, Argentina

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Abstract

Rainfall and geology of the catchment exert a dominant control on the trophic state of endorheic basins. River inflows and runoff provide nutrients, influencing primary productivity in the water column. Through time, paleoenvironmental conditions are recorded as variations within the sedimentary organic fraction. Thereafter, microbial populations settle and develop within sediments and lead to degradation processes as long as they remain active. However, their presence is generally not considered in Quaternary studies. The present study is based on the sedimentary record of the maar lake of Laguna Potrok Aike, southern Patagonia. We investigate the relationship between paleoenvironmental conditions and colonization of the corresponding sediments by microbes. Microbiological and geochemical analyses were combined to determine factors allowing microbes to sustain their activity over time. The study of Holocene sediments, containing dense and active microbial communities, provided means to evaluate the potential of microbial communities as agents of early diagenesis. We show that phosphorus released during organic matter degradation is essential for microbial growth. In highly colonized sediments, microbial communities appear capable of recycling the excreted ammonium, thus accounting for nitrogen fractionation toward high values in bulk sediment. Microbial activity in Laguna Potrok Aike still persists in 30 ka old sediments. Thus, we proposed that future lacustrine studies should include some microbial indicators to assess their impact in diagenetic processes.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been supported by funds from the following institutions: ICDP; Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 200020-119931/2 to D. Ariztegui) and University of Geneva, Switzerland; University of Bremen and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada; University of Buenos Aires and the Argentinean Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; and the Vetenskapsrädet of Sweden.

The following persons are kindly acknowledged for their help and advice on microbiology methods: J. Pawlowski, J. Fahrni, J. Guiard, P. Junier and their research partners during PCR and DGGE procedures, S. Tarnawski for her explanations on the use of the GelCompare® software. We also thank P. Arpagaus for his help during P speciation analyses, S. Becker for performing pore water analyses on the ICP-MS, and H. Wissel for carrying out the isotope measurements. The manuscript benefited from the comments and suggestions of an anonymous reviewer and the editor while R. Cochrane and G. Simpson (University of Geneva) helped with English expression of the final version.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Aurèle Vuillemin & Daniel Ariztegui

  2. Research Center Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 3: Agrosphere, Jülich, Germany

    Andreas Lücke

  3. Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Christoph Mayr

  4. Institute of Paleontology and Geobiology and GeoBio-Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Christoph Mayr

  5. Section 4.5: Geomicrobiology, GFZ Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Aurèle Vuillemin

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  1. Aurèle Vuillemin
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Correspondence to Aurèle Vuillemin.

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27_2013_317_MOESM1_ESM.eps

Electronic annex EA-1: Bathymetric map of Laguna Potrok Aike (modified after Zolitschka et al. 2006) showing the positions of the two hydraulic cores studied in this paper (EPS 7047 kb)

27_2013_317_MOESM2_ESM.eps

Electronic annex EA-2: DGGE gels pictures with gradient from 30 % (left) to 70 % (right). The depth of each sample is signified on the left (EPS 15116 kb)

27_2013_317_MOESM3_ESM.eps

Electronic annex EA-3: Principal component analysis (PCA) with loading factors and complete datasets of variables used in the PCA (EPS 11278 kb)

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Vuillemin, A., Ariztegui, D., Lücke, A. et al. Paleoenvironmental conditions define current sustainability of microbial populations in Laguna Potrok Aike sediments, Argentina. Aquat Sci 76, 101–114 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-013-0317-4

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