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A Review of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake from Modeling, Drilling, and Monitoring with the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project

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Earthquake Geology and Tectonophysics around Eastern Tibet and Taiwan

Part of the book series: Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space ((AEONS))

Abstract

Many high-quality strong motion stations were built prior to the occurrence of the destructive 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, providing the most comprehensive study of the mechanism of such a damaging event. The general consistent feature in spatial slip distribution of the fault as a large slip of ~12 m at the northern portion of the fault from fault models and geological observation suggest the importance in understanding the physics of faulting of this large slip. The Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project (TCDP) aided in the understanding of earthquake energy partitions by revealing the very fine grain (~nm) of the fault gouge with a millimeter-scale slip thickness for a single event. The dynamic parameters obtained from the kinematic slip inversion suggest a heterogeneous shear stress distribution and a complex stress-time history. The study incorporated the examination of the surface energy from identifying the fault gouge from the major slip zone, and the determination of the fracture energy from the dynamic parameters derived from the strong motion data. This allowed for the direct estimation of the energy partition of a single earthquake from the geological and seismological observations. The low-frictional coefficient obtained from temperature measurements made after drilling encouraged similar drilling projects to be undertaken after large earthquakes (e.g. 2008 Wenchuan and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes) to obtain frictional heating measurements. With the success of the TCDP drilling in the slip zone associated with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, in situ borehole seismometers, referred to as the TCDP borehole seismic array (TCDPBHS), were installed to monitor the behavior of the fault zone after a large slip. This paper shows the dynamic parameters obtained from the kinematic slip inversion and, thus, gives a brief review of the current understanding of earthquake kinematics and dynamics. Seismic waveform modeling, drilling of the Chelungpu-fault, and the in situ monitoring of the fault zone after a large slip of ~12 m are all discussed. As a large number of related scientific papers have been published on this subject, some of these papers may not be properly addressed or referred to in this review article. These papers may be identified in the references of related articles.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Kuo-Fong Ma

    Present address: Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earthquake-Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management (E-DREaM) Center, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Kuo-Fong Ma

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Kuo-Fong Ma

Authors
  1. Kuo-Fong Ma
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kuo-Fong Ma .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ching-Hua Lo

  2. China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, Beijing, China

    Xiwei Xu

  3. Eastern Taiwan Earthquake Research Center (E-TEC), National Dong Hwa University, Hualian, Taiwan

    Wen-Yen Chang

  4. Center for Integrated Research and Education of Natural Hazards, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan

    Masataka Ando

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Ma, KF. (2021). A Review of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake from Modeling, Drilling, and Monitoring with the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project. In: Lo, CH., Xu, X., Chang, WY., Ando, M. (eds) Earthquake Geology and Tectonophysics around Eastern Tibet and Taiwan. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6210-5_4

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