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Passive Seismic Monitoring of Natural and Induced Earthquakes: Case Studies, Future Directions and Socio-Economic Relevance

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New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences

Part of the book series: International Year of Planet Earth ((IYPE))

Abstract

An important discovery in crustal mechanics has been that the Earth’s crust is commonly stressed close to failure, even in tectonically quiet areas. As a result, small natural or man-made perturbations to the local stress field may trigger earthquakes. To understand these processes, Passive Seismic Monitoring (PSM) with seismometer arrays is a widely used technique that has been successfully applied to study seismicity at different magnitude levels ranging from acoustic emissions generated in the laboratory under controlled conditions, to seismicity induced by hydraulic stimulations in geological reservoirs, and up to great earthquakes occurring along plate boundaries. In all these environments the appropriate deployment of seismic sensors, i.e., directly on the rock sample, at the earth’s surface or in boreholes close to the seismic sources allows for the detection and location of brittle failure processes at sufficiently low magnitude-detection threshold and with adequate spatial resolution for further analysis. One principal aim is to develop an improved understanding of the physical processes occurring at the seismic source and their relationship to the host geologic environment. In this paper we review selected case studies and future directions of PSM efforts across a wide range of scales and environments. These include induced failure within small rock samples, hydrocarbon reservoirs, and natural seismicity at convergent and transform plate boundaries. Each example represents a milestone with regard to bridging the gap between laboratory-scale experiments under controlled boundary conditions and large-scale field studies. The common motivation for all studies is to refine the understanding of how earthquakes nucleate, how they proceed and how they interact in space and time. This is of special relevance at the larger end of the magnitude scale, i.e., for large devastating earthquakes due to their severe socio-economic impact.

Marco Bohnhoff now at Helmholt - Centre Potsdam GFZ (bohnhoff@gfz-potsdam.de)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, 94305-2215, Stanford, CA, USA

    Marco Bohnhoff

  2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoforschungsZentrum (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany

    Georg Dresen

  3. United States Geological Survey, 94025, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    William L. Ellsworth

  4. Center for Deep Earth Exploration, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 236-0001, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan

    Hisao Ito

Authors
  1. Marco Bohnhoff
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  2. Georg Dresen
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  3. William L. Ellsworth
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  4. Hisao Ito
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Bohnhoff .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculteit Aardwetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands

    S. Cloetingh

  2. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany

    Jorg Negendank

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© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Bohnhoff, M., Dresen, G., Ellsworth, W.L., Ito, H. (2009). Passive Seismic Monitoring of Natural and Induced Earthquakes: Case Studies, Future Directions and Socio-Economic Relevance. In: Cloetingh, S., Negendank, J. (eds) New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences. International Year of Planet Earth. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2737-5_7

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